FAN̈ONTANIAN̈A 2
Tsotra Ankitin̈y ma Selily Io?
An̈atiny vatan̈a ao misy karazan̈a selily mandilatrany 200. Navinavy hoazy fo ma iro io?
Amy raha jiaby, vatan̈antsika io an̈isany raha ten̈a maro garamidany. Amizio ao ahitan̈a selily kadiriny 100 tapitrisa tapitrisa. An̈isanizen̈y seliliny taolan̈a, seliliny lio, ndreky seliliny betro.7 Mandilatrany 200 karazan̈a selily hita an̈aty vatan̈antsika ao.8
Samby hafa poziny selily aby io ndreky asandro, kanefa iro io tsy basiny miaraka miasa fo fa mifandray tsara koa. Na Internet, fitaovan̈a araiky mampifandray sady ampiasan̈a kabla handrasan̈a fan̈azavan̈a farany malaky sady ampiasan̈a ordinatera maro, mbala tsy mahavita raha vitany selily foeky. Tsisy dikany foeky raha vitanolombelon̈o izikoa hampiran̈iny amy selily, nata selily araiky farany tsotra in̈y zen̈y. Ke karakory ma nampisy selily?
Akory volan̈iny siantifiky maro? Misy karazany aroe maventy selily io: Ao iro misy noyau, baka io ao ny tsisy. Misy noyau aby na seliliny olombelon̈o, na niny biby, na niny raha maniry. Seliliny baktery ndraiky tsisy. Selily tsisy noyau mbala tsotsotra tozay selily misy noyau. Ke maro olo mino fa seliliny biby ndreky niny raha maniry aby io baka tamy seliliny baktery.
Maro olo mampianatra fa, taloha tan̈y zen̈y, nisy tamindro selily tsisy noyau io zen̈y nanelin̈y selily hafa, ke izio zen̈y tavela tao fo fa tsy nety ravan̈a. Selily io raha tsy manantsain̈y. Kanefa iro mivolan̈a fa vitany selily araiky nanelin̈y io zen̈y nan̈ova tanteraka selily araiky nateliny in̈y. Ke lan̈iany selily vaovao niboaka tafaranizen̈y nanjary nisy selily araiky efa niova in̈y.9 *
Akory volan̈iny Baiboly? Baiboly mivolan̈a fa misy Pamoron̈o araiky ten̈a mahay niasa raha manampahin̈ana jiaby. Karaha ty ho izy: “Mazava ho azy fa tran̈o jiaby tsy maintsy nisy olo niasa izy, fa raha jiaby ndraiky, Zan̈ahary niasa izy.” (Hebreo 3:4) Misy andininy hafa koa mikoran̈a karaha ty: “Ten̈a maro ankitin̈y raha niasainao Jehovah! Tamy fahendrena nan̈anaovanao iro jiaby io. Feno tany ty raha niasainao. … Feno raha manampahin̈ana, ao ny madiniky ao ny maventy.”—Salamo 104:24, 25.
Posibla ma ndray selily araiky farany “tsotra” in̈y, navy hoazy baka tamy raha simiky tsisy fahin̈ana?
Ino ten̈a izy? Ten̈a efa mivoatra mare siansy, ke manjary vitany pikaroko mandiniky raha an̈atiny selily farany “tsotra.” Iro mino evolision aby io mieritreritry fa selily voanalohany tan̈y miramiran̈a amindro selily aby io.10
Izikoa marin̈y ankitin̈y raha ampianarindro mino evolision aby io, tokony ho marin̈y tsarabe koa porofo amiandro momba fomba nampanisy hoazy selily “tsotra” voanalohany io. Izikoa ndraiky misy ankitin̈y Pamoron̈o io, raha zen̈y tokony ho hita fo, ndray amy zavaboary farany madiniky io zen̈y. Alo atsika hizaha ino raha misy an̈atiny selily araiky tsisy noyau. Lera anao mamaky izio, diniha ty: ‘Navinavy hoazy fo ma selily aby io?’
RIBA MIARO SELILY
Karaha ty: Anao, ohatra, koa tihitsidiky raha an̈aty selily araiky, anao mila avadiky madiniky hely tsy hita maso foeky. Kanefa anao mbala tsy direkty tafiditry ao koa, fotony misy fon̈ony miaro izio. Fon̈ony selily io sady tsy mora matriaka baka io tsy henjan̈a. Izio koa fatatra mare mira ribany lakoro miaro orinasa sasany. Matify mare koa fon̈ony selily io, fotony kadiriny 10 000 aminany io vo mitovy aminy hativen̈any taratasy araiky. Kanefa riba mbala tsotra mare izikoa ampitovisin̈y amizio.
Ribany lakoro io miaro orinasa. Karaha zen̈y koa fa fon̈ony selily io miaro selily araiky amy raha mety handrobaka izy. Misy molekily madiniky ndraiky, karaha ataony oksizeny, afaka miditry miboaka aminany io. Kanefa misy molekily maro garamidany, mety atahoran̈a handrobaka selily io, tsy tafiditry ao izikoa tsy raha selily io foeky man̈ambela izy hiditry. Lan̈iany molekily ilainy selily io ndraiky sakanany fon̈ony selily io tsy hiboaka. Akory han̈anaovany zen̈y?
Aminy orinasa sasany misy piambin̈y man̈aramaso entan̈a afaka miditry ndreky miboaka amy barô iô. Amy fon̈ony selily io koa misy proteiny man̈ano asa mitovy amy zen̈y.
Amy fon̈ony selily io misy “piambin̈y.” Misy raha ambelanizio miditry, fa misy koa tsy ambelany miboaka
Sasany amy proteiny aby io misy lavaka mira tinely (1), fa tsy kila molekily jiaby afaka miditry miboaka iô. Sisiny aroe amy proteiny hafa ndraiky afaka mibian̈a ndreky mifody (2). Izikoa fa misy raha avy aminany iô (3), izy mibian̈a, (4) man̈amia lalan̈a raha io hiditry an̈aty selily ao. Kanefa tsy kila raha jiaby tandry iô, fa karazany raha araiky fo. Zen̈y aby raha mandalo amy fon̈ony selily io.
AN̈ATINY SELILY AO
Iritrireta anao iziô efa nambelany “piambin̈y” in̈y niditry an̈aty selily tsisy noyau io ao. An̈aty ao misy ranorano feno raha mahavelon̈o, ndreky sira baka io raha hafa. Raha aby io ampiasainy selily io han̈amboaran̈a raha ilainy. Karakory ahavitany man̈ano zen̈y? An̈aty ao misy fiovoan̈a simiky mandeha andrivony aby. Kanefa iro io milamin̈y tsara sady samy mandeha amy fotoan̈any aby, karaha ataony orinasa mandeha tsara.
Man̈amboatra proteiny ten̈a asany selily. Akory han̈anaovany zen̈y? Izy antsendriky man̈amboatra karazan̈a acide aminé kadiriny 20. Iro io amy zay alefany amy ribôzômy an̈y (5). Ribôzômy io mira lamasiny. Hainy tsara karazany acide aminé karakory mety hampiarahin̈y baka man̈amia proteiny. An̈aty orinasa araiky ziô, ordinatera fo mikomandy lamasiny jiaby, karaha zen̈y koa fa maro aminy asa ataony selily io miankin̈y aminy ADN (6). Baka aminy ADN ao toromariky jiaby ilainy ribôzômy hahaizany ino proteiny hamboarin̈y ndreky akory han̈amboaran̈a izy (7).
Ten̈a mahavarian̈a fomba an̈amboaran̈a proteiny! Iro io samby amy pozindro. Ohatra, misy mivalombalon̈o na koa miolonkolon̈o (8). Ke arakaraka poziny proteiny anjara asanany. * Diniha baka raha ataony orinasa pan̈amboatra môtera. Tsy maintsy mety tsara fomba nan̈amboaran̈a piesy tsiaraikiaraiky amy môtera io, izikoa tsy zen̈y izio tsy handeha foeky. Karaha zen̈y koa, izikoa tsy mety tsara fomba an̈amboaran̈a proteiny, izio tsy hiasa tsara, sady mety ho robaka foeky koa selily io.
“Orinasa” Pan̈amboatra Proteiny: Selily io mira orinasa araiky misy ordinatera mibeko lamasiny. An̈aty vatan̈a ao feno raha man̈amboatra proteiny ndreky mandefa izio.
Amy fomba karakory haviany proteiny io amy toeran̈a ilavan̈a izy an̈y? Efa misy acide aminé an̈atinany ao man̈ambara izy lalan̈a tokony imboany. Isaka minity, efa mandeha andrivony aby proteiny voamboatra ndreky mivezivezy, kanefa iro io tsisy very lalan̈a zen̈y.
Nan̈ino raha zen̈y tsara ho hay? Iro molekily maro garamidany an̈aty selily ao tsisy mahavita ten̈a foeky. Potiky iro izikoa miboaka ambelan̈a selily. Izikoa an̈aty selily ao ndraiky, iro tsy afaka mahaimaro izikoa tsy iô molekily hafa. Ilain̈a, ohatra, anzimy han̈amboaran̈a molekily araiky man̈amia angovo kahian̈a adénosine triphosphate (ATP). Kanefa ATP io koa ilain̈y han̈amboaran̈a anzimy. Karaha zen̈y koa, fa tsisy anzimy izikoa tsy iô ADN (koran̈iny amy toko man̈araka), kanefa tsisy koa ADN izikoa tsy iô anzimy. Baka io, selily fo mahavita man̈amboatra proteiny, kanefa proteiny koa ilain̈y han̈amboaran̈a selily. *
Radu Popa, pikaroko momba raha madiniky manampahin̈ana, tsy mino fa misy Pamoron̈o. Kanefa taminy 2004, izy nivolan̈a: “Mba akory ma hahavy raha manampahin̈ana ho hisy hoazy, kanefa ndray eksperiansy jiaby natao han̈aporofoan̈a zen̈y fo tsisy nahomby foeky?”13 Karaha ty koa ho izy: “An̈aty selily ao misy raha maro tsy maintsy miaraka miasa. Tsy posibla raha aby zen̈y niaraka navinavy ho azy tio.”14
Tran̈obe araiky izikoa ratsy fototro, tsy maintsy ravan̈a fo. Tsy maintsy ravan̈a fo koa fampianaran̈a momba evolision, fotony tsy mazava foeky raha ampianarinizio momba fomba nampisy raha manampahin̈ana
Akory hevitrinao? Iro siantifiky mino evolision mivolan̈a fa raha manampahin̈ana io tsisy namoron̈o zen̈y, fa nisinisy hoazy fo. Kanefa efa mahaimaro fo raha haindro, ke mahaimiboaka fo fa raha manampahin̈ana io tsy navinavy ho azy zen̈y. Ndray misy sasany amindro siantifiky mino evolision io izioty mivolan̈a fa mbala tsy ten̈a hay zen̈y akory nampisy raha manampahin̈ana voanalohany tan̈y. Fa ny raha azo antoko fo zen̈y, ho iro, izio zen̈y nivoatra tsihelihely, tafarany nampisy izy. Ikenao zen̈y?
Iro mivolan̈a fa taloha be tan̈y zen̈y nisy raha maromaro niboaka hoazy. Tafara tatỳ koa zen̈y nisy raha niboaka hoazy, ke nahavy raha manampahin̈ana io hahaimaro karazan̈a ndreky ho maro garamidany. Mbala eritreritrindro fo zen̈y. Izikoa ndray fan̈azavan̈a amiandro momba fomba nampisy raha manampahin̈ana fo mbala tsy azo antoko, mba mety inoan̈a edy fampianaran̈a hafa mifandray amy zen̈y? Tran̈obe araiky izikoa ratsiratsy fototro, tsy maintsy ravan̈a fo. Karaha zen̈y koa, tsy maintsy ho ravan̈a fo koa fampianaran̈a momba evolision, fotony tsy mazava raha ampianarinizio momba fomba nampisy raha manampahin̈ana.
Akory hevitrinao izikoa fa baka nandiniky momba selily araiky “tsotra”, ndreky asanany? Nisy pamoron̈o ten̈a mahay ma niasa raha manampahin̈ana, sa izio navinavy hoazy? Izikoa anao mbala misalasala, alo atsika handiniky momba molekily araiky mibaiko asany selily.
