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A3

Buidi Kibibila Kitukila Kuidi Befu

Mutu wuvuidi Kibibila, mvandi wuvanga mamoso muingi kukieba kiawu. Nandi wutuadisa batu muingi basonika mambu amama madi mu Kibibila:

“Diambu di Nzamb’itu, dinkadidilanga mvu ka mvu.”1 Petelo 1:25.

Mambu amomo, madi makiedika kheti masonoko matheti ma Kiebeleo ayi ma Alamaiku, a voti masonoko ma Kingeleko masi ko mawu tuidi mu bilumbu bitu. Buabu buidi tulenda bela lufiatu ti mambu madi mu Kibibila tunsadilanga bubu, madi momawu basonika mu masonoko matheti?

BATU BABA VANGANGA ZIKOPIA, BAKIEBA DIAMBU DI NZAMBI

Mu matedi masonoko ma Kiebeleo, mvutu widi mu nsiku Nzambi kavana wutedi kuvanga zikopia zi masonoko. b Dedi, Yave wukamba mintinu mi Isaeli muingi bavanganga zikopia ziawu veka zi minsiku. (Deutelonomi 17:18) Mvandi Nzambi wuvana kiyeku kuidi basi Levi muingi balunda minsiku ayi balonga miawu kuidi dikabu. (Deutelonomi 31:26; Nehemia 8:7) Bo babasika mu buvika ku Babiloni, vayiza monika mua dingumba di batu baba vanganga zikopia baba tedilanga ziescriba (soferins), (Esala 7:6). Buviokila thangu, ziescriba ziozio, bavanga zikopia zi 39 di zibuku zi masonoko ma Kiebeleo.

Zisekulu kuntuala, ziescriba bavanga zikopia zi zibuku zioso mu keba keba. Mu thangu beni, vamonika dingumba di ziescriba di basi Yuda baba tedilanga massoretas, bawu mvawu baba kikhulu ki kuvanganga zikopia. O Códice de Leningrado yisonimina mu mvu 1008/1009 T.K, mawu masonoko malutidi makhulu basi massoretas bakopia. Mvandi mu sekulu 20, babakula masonoko ma Mar Morto, maba 220 di zikopia voti minkanda mi Kibibila. Zikopia aziozio zilutidi zikhulu mu 1000 di mimvu kena Códice de Leningrado. Bo badedikisa masonoko ma Mar Morto ayi Códice de Leningrado, bamona diambu adidi dimfunu: kheti masonoko ma Mar Morto madi mua disuasana mu phila basonikina, vayi disuasana beni disimbalula ko tsundu.

Buabu mbi tulenda tuba matedi 27 di zibuku zi masonoko ma Kingeleko? Bapostolo ba Yesu ayi mua ndambu di minlandikini miandi, bawu basonika zibuku aziozio. Baklistu batheti bavanga zikopia zi zibuku aziozio, mu kulandakana kikhulu ki ziescriba zi basi Yuda. (Kolosai 4:16). Kheti mfumu yi Loma Diocleciano ayi bankaka baba tomba kutulula masonoko baklistu batheti basonika, vayi balunda zikopia ziwombo zikhulu zidi nati bubu.

Masonoko ma baklistu batheti, mvandi basekula mawu mu zimbembu zinkaka. Zitsekudulu zitheti zi Kibibila, basekudila ziawu mu zimbembu zikhulu dedi armênio, copta, etíope, georgiano, latim ayi siríaco.

BUIDI BU KUZABILA MAMBU MABA MU MASONOKO MATHETI MA KIEBELEO AYI MA KINGELEKO, MU THANGU TUNSEKULA

Zikopia zioso zi thangu yikhulu zi masonoko ma Kibibila, zisa sonimina ko mu phila yimueka. Buabu, buidi tulenda zabila mambu maba mu masonoko matheti?

Tulenda dedikisa mambu amomo mu kusadila kifuani akiki: Nlongisi wumueka, wundinda kuidi 100 di minlonguki muingi bavanga zikopia zi kapu yimueka yi buku. Kheti buku beni yitheti yinkuiza zimbala, vayi bo bandedikisa zikopia zio 100 di minlonguki bavanga, balenda zaba mambu maba mu buku yikhulu. Minlonguki ḿba balenda vanga zinzimbala, vayi tulendi tuba ko ti baboso bavanga zioziawu zinzimbala. Bobuawu mvandi, bo batu bapisuka bandedikisa zikopia ziwombo zi zibuku zi masonoko makhulu ma Kibibila, bannunganga kubakula mua zinzimbala mu zikopia zio batu bavanga, ayi kuzaba mambu maba mu masonoko matheti.

“Tulenda tuba ti vasi ko buku yinkaka yikhulu basonika mambu ma lufiatu, kubotula kuandi Kibibila.”

Buabu, buidi tulenda bela lufiatu ti basekudila mu phila yifuana, momawu mayindu maba mu masonoko matheti ma Kibibila? Mu matedi masonoko ma Kiebeleo, dibakala dimueka wulonguka beni bantedilanga William H. Green, wutuba: “Tulenda tuba mu lufiatu ti vasi ko buku yinkaka yikhulu, basekudila mu phila yifuana.” Ayi mu matedi masonoko ma Kingeleko voti Novo Testamento, mutu wupisuka bantedilanga F. F. Bruce, wusonika: “Bivisa bimmonisa ti mambu madi mu Novo Testamento, malutidi ma lufiatu kena zibuku ziwombo zi batu ba luzabu, zio bawombo bankikininanga.” Nandi wubue tuba: “Boti masonoko ma Kingeleko yisi ko buku yintubila mambu ma Nzambi, khanu batu boso bankinzikanga mambu madi muawu.”

Kapu 40 yi buku yi Yesaya yi zirolu zi Mar Morto (basonika mu mvu 125 nati 100 A.T.K.)

Bo badedikisa mawu na Masonoko ma Kiebeleo mo basonika kuvioka 1.000 di mimvu kuntuala, babakula to mua disuasana dikhambulu kuandi dinneni.

Kapu 40 yi buku yi Yesaya mu Códice de Alepo, widi nkanda wumfunu wu Masonoko ma Kiebeleo, nkanda wu massorético basonika mu mvu 930 T.K.

Masonoko ma Kiebeleo: Bo basekula Tsekudulu yi Nza Yimona yi Masonoko ma Kiebeleo, mu (inglês, mvu 1953-1960), basadila Bíblia Hebraica, yi Rudolf Kittel. Tonina mu thangu beni, zitsekudulu ziwombo zi kiebeleo, dedi Bíblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia ayi Bíblia Hebraica Quinta, batula muna mambu bafiongunina mu kutadila zirolu zi Mar Morto ayi mvandi zikopia zinkaka zikhulu. Bibibila abiobio bikhulu, basekula biawu mu kutadila Códice de Leningrado ayi mvandi muidi zinota zimmonisa matangu mankaka, dedi Pentateuco samaritano, Zirolu zi Mar Morto, Septuaginta grega, Targum Aramaico, Vulgata latina ayi Peshitta siríaca. Basadila mambu madi mu zitsekudulu zi Bíblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia ayi Bíblia Hebraica Quinta, bo baba vanga khubumunu muingi kusekula Tsekudulu yi Nza Yimona.

Masonoko ma Kingeleko: Kutsuka sekula 19, batu ba luzabu dedi B. F. Westcott ayi F.J.A. Hort, badedikisa masonoko ayi minkanda mi Kibibila, bo baba vanga khubumunu yi masonoko ma kingeleko mo bawu baba kikininanga ti muidi mambu maba mu masonoko matheti. Mu sekulu 20, dingumba divanga Tsekudulu yi Nza Yimona yi Kibibila, basadila matangu ma batu abobo bapisuka, muingi kuvanga tsekudulu’awu. Basadila mvandi zipapiru zikhulu, ḿba zio basonika mu sekulu 2 ayi 3 mu T.K. Tonina mu thangu beni, zipapiru ziwombo ziyiza monika. Kubotula kuandi mambu amomo, zitsekudulu zinkaka dedi yi Nestle ayi Aland mvandi yi Sociedades Bíblicas Unidas, zimmonisa mambu mamona batu balonguka beni babakula. Mambu beni babakula, batula mawu mu tsekudulu ayiyi yi Kibibila.

Mu kutadila zitsekudulu aziozio, tulenda tuba ti vadi mua ziversikulu zi Masonoko ma Kingeleko, zidi mu zitsekudulu zinkaka zikhulu, dedi tsekudulu yi Almeida, babuela ziawu kuidi zikopista, ayi mambu bawu babuela, masa ba ko mu masonoko matheti. Mu kumona ti phila bakabudila Kibibila mu zikapu ayi mu ziversikulu, mu phila batu boso bankikininanga, yivangulu mu sekulu 16, diawu kubotula mambu amomo babuela, mamvanga ziversikulu zinkaka zi Kibibila, kuba phuasa. Tala ziversikulu beni zidi phuasa: Matai 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Malaku 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; 15:28; Luka 17:36; 23:17; Yoane 5:4; Mavanga 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29 ayi Loma 16:24. Mu tsekudulu ayiyi, mu ziversikulu babotula matangu beni, muidi zinota muingi kumonisa kibila.

Mu kumona phila buku yi Malaku kapu 16 (9-20) yimmanina, ayi mvandi phila basonika Yoane 7:53–8:11, tulenda tuba ti mambu madi mu ziversikulu aziozio, masa ba ko mu masonoko matheti. Diawu, matangu amomo makhambu ba mu masonoko matheti, basa matula ko mu tsekudulu ayiyi.

Mu matangu mankaka, babalula phila yi kusonikina muingi kuvana yoyawu tsundu, yo batu bapisuka bankikininanga ti yiba mu masonoko matheti. Dedi, mu kutadila zikopia zinkaka Matai 7:13 yintuba: “Kotilanu va muelu wufietama, kibila muelu ayi nzila yinneni yawu yinnatanga ku mbungulu. Mu Tsekudulu yi Nza Yimona yo tuaba sadilanga, kikuma “muelu”, kisa ba ko muna. Vayi, bafiongunina mu zikopia zikhulu, kikuma “muelu” kiba mu masonoko matheti. Diawu batula kiawu mu tsekudulu ayiyi, ayi baludikidi mambu mawombo ma phila ayoyo, vayi mambu beni, masa balula ko tsundu yi Diambu di Nzambi.

Nkanda wu papiru wu 2 Kolintu 4:13–5:4, basonika mu mvu 200 T.K.

a Bantanguninanga mvandi Masonoko ma Kiebeleo.

b Mambu mamfunu manata muingi bavanganga zikopia madi, kibila masonoko matheti basonikina mawu mu minkanda mimfika vavukanga.