Kʼameʼex maʼalob le máaxoʼob xíimbaltikeʼexoʼ

FEBE, utúul cristiana teʼ yáax siglo kajlaj tu kaajil Cencreas tu luʼumil Greciaeʼ, yaan kaʼach upʼéel talamil tiʼ, tumen kʼaʼabéet u bin tu kaajil Roma baʼaleʼ mix utúul sukuʼun u kʼaj óoliʼ (Tiʼ Romailoʼob 16:1, 2). Edgar Goodspeed, utúul máak ku sutik u tʼaaniloʼob le Bibliaoʼ, tiaʼalaj: «Tu kaajil Roma [kaʼacheʼ] jach yaʼab u beetaʼal baʼaloʼob kʼaastakiʼ, yéetel le kúuchiloʼob tuʼux ku kʼamaʼal uʼulaboʼob kaʼachoʼ, maʼ maʼaloboʼob utiaʼal utúul cristianaiʼ.» Le oʼolaleʼ, ¿tuʼux kaʼach ken u kʼubéentuba Febe?

Tak úuchileʼ jach suukaʼan u viajar máak. Jesucristo yéetel u j-kaambaloʼobeʼ tu xíimbaltoʼob tuláakal u kaajiloʼob Judea yéetel Galilea utiaʼal u kʼaʼaytikoʼob le maʼalob péektsiloʼ. Uláakʼ cristianoʼob jeʼex Pabloeʼ, tu bisoʼob xan le maʼalob péektsil tiʼ u jejeláas kaajiloʼob le Mediterraneoʼ, tak tu kaajil Roma. Teʼ yáax siglooʼ, ¿tuʼux túun ku kʼubéentikuba le cristianoʼob ken xiʼikoʼob táanxel kaajoʼoboʼ? ¿Baʼax talmil ku yilikoʼob kaʼach utiaʼal u kaxtikoʼob tuʼux ken u kʼubéentubaʼob? ¿Baʼax k-kanik tiʼe yáax cristianoʼob tiʼ bix úuchik u kʼamikoʼob uʼulaboʼoboʼ?

«Yaan in pʼáatal ta wotoch bejelaʼeʼ»

Tak úuchileʼ le máaxoʼob meyajtik Jéeobaoʼ suukaʼan u utsul kʼamkoʼob uʼulaboʼob. Abraham, Lot yéetel Rebecaeʼ, jach tu yeʼesoʼob u yutsiloʼob tiʼ uláakʼ máakoʼob (Génesis 18:1-8; 19:1-3; 24:17-20). Jobeʼ tiaʼalaj baʼax ku beetik kaʼach tu yoʼolal le uʼulaboʼoboʼ: «Teneʼ, maʼ tin chaʼik u máansik áakʼab chéen j-bej. Jach mix juntéen j-pʼáat maʼ in jeʼik u jool in wotoch tiʼ uʼulaʼob» (Job 31:32).

Wa utúul israelita ku bin xíimbal kaʼach tiʼ uláakʼ kaaj tuʼux yaan u yéet israelitailoʼobeʼ chéen kʼaʼabéet u bin kutal tu kʼíiwikil le kaaj utiaʼal ka bisaʼak jeʼeleloʼ (Jueces 19:15-21). Le máaxoʼob kʼamik le uʼulaboʼoboʼ ku pʼoʼikoʼob kaʼach u yook u yuʼulaboʼob, ku tsʼáaikoʼob baʼal u jaantoʼob yéetel ku tsʼáaikoʼob baʼal u jaant u  yalakʼ baʼalcheʼob (Génesis 18:4, 5; 19:2; 24:32, 33). Le uʼulaboʼob maʼ u kʼáatoʼob kaʼach u tsʼaʼob u maasil meyaj tiʼ u yuumil le najoʼ ku biskoʼob le baʼax kʼaʼabéettiʼoboʼ, waaj, vino, yéetel u yoʼoch u yalakʼ baʼalcheʼob. Chéen kʼaʼabéet kaʼach upʼéel kúuchil utiaʼal u jeʼeleloʼob.

Kex le Biblia maʼatech u jach tsolik baʼax ku beetik Jesús yéetel u j-kaambaloʼob utiaʼal u kaxtikoʼob tuʼux kun pʼáataloʼob jeʼelel ken xiʼikoʼob kʼaʼaytaj táanxel kaajoʼobeʼ, baʼaleʼ ku yantal tuʼux u pʼáataloʼob jeʼelel (San Lucas 9:58). Ka bin kʼaʼaytaj tu kaajil Jericoeʼ, Jesuseʼ tiaʼalaj tiʼ Zaqueo: «Yaan in pʼáatal ta wotoch bejelaʼeʼ». Zaqueoeʼ tu kʼamaj Jesús «yéetel kiʼimak óolal» (San Lucas 19:5, 6). Yaan kʼiin xaneʼ Jesuseʼ ku pʼáatal kaʼach jeʼelel tu kaajil Betania tu yotoch Marta, María yéetel Lázaro (San Lucas 10:38; San Juan 11:1, 5, 18). Ken xiʼik xan kaʼach tu kaajil Capernaumeʼ, ku pʼáatal kaʼach tu yotoch Simón Pedro (San Marcos 1:21, 29-35).

Le baʼaxoʼob tiaʼalaj Jesús tiʼ u j-kaambaloʼob ka tu túuxtoʼob kʼaʼaytajoʼ, ku yeʼesik bix u kajnáaliloʼob Israel. Letiʼeʼ tiaʼalajtiʼob: «Maʼ a bisikeʼex oro, mix plata, mix cobre, mix sáabukan utiaʼal le bejoʼ. Biseʼex chéen jumpʼéel a nookʼeʼex, yéetel maʼ a bisikeʼex xanab mix xóolteʼ, tumen le j-meyajoʼ ku náajmatik u tsʼaʼabal u janal. Le kéen kʼuchukeʼex tiʼ jumpʼéel kaaj wa tiʼ jun pʼéel kajtalileʼ, kaxteʼex teʼeloʼ juntúul máak ku náajmatik a wantaleʼex tu yotoch, pʼáateneʼex teʼeloʼ tak kéen lukʼukeʼex tiʼ le kaajoʼ» (San Mateo 10:9-11). Jesuseʼ u yojel kaʼacheʼ yaan u utsul kʼamaʼal u j-kaambaloʼob tumen le máaxoʼob uts u puksiʼikʼaloʼoboʼ, u yojel xan yaan u tsʼaʼabal baʼal u jaantoʼob, tuʼux u jeʼeleloʼob yéetel uláakʼ baʼaloʼob kʼaʼabéettiʼob.

Baʼaleʼ yaan u kʼuchul u kʼiinileʼ le cristianoʼob ku binoʼob kʼaʼaytaj táanxel kaajoʼoboʼ yaan u kʼaʼabéetchajal u biskoʼob wa u manikoʼob tuláakal le baʼax kʼaʼabéettiʼoboʼ. Jesuseʼ u yojel xaneʼ yaan u pʼektaʼal le máaxoʼob tsaypachtikoʼ yéetel yaan u kʼaʼabéettal u binoʼob kʼaʼaytaj tiʼ uláakʼ luʼumoʼob, le oʼolal tiaʼalaj: «le máax yaan sáabukan tiʼeʼ u bise» (San Lucas 22:36). Utiaʼal túun ka u bisoʼob le maʼalob péektsil tuláakal tuʼuxoʼ kʼaʼabéet u viajaroʼob yéetel kʼaʼabéet u kaxtikoʼob tuʼux u pʼáataloʼob jeʼelel.

«Kʼameʼex maʼalob le máaxoʼob ku xíimbaltikeʼexoʼoboʼ»

Le yaʼab bejoʼob yéetel le kuxtal ich jeetsʼelil ku yilaʼal tu luʼumil Roma teʼ yáax siglooʼ áantajnaj utiaʼal ka viajarnak yaʼab máakoʼob. * Tsʼoʼoleʼ úuchik u káajal u sen viajar máak tu kaajil Romaeʼ kʼaʼabéetchaj u yantal kúuchiloʼob utiaʼal u pʼáatal máak jeʼelel, tak teʼ bejoʼob beetaʼab le kúuchiloʼobaʼ. Le libro The Book of Acts in Its Graeco-Roman Setting, (Le baʼaxoʼob ku yúuchul kaʼach Grecia yéetel Roma ka tsʼíibtaʼab u libroi Beetaʼanoʼob), kiaʼalik: «Le baʼaxoʼob tsʼíibtaʼanoʼob yoʼolal le kúuchiloʼob tuʼux ku pʼáatal máak jeʼeleloʼ ku yeʼesik jach táaj kʼaas le kúuchiloʼobaʼ. Uláakʼ libroʼob yéetel  le arqueologoʼoboʼ ku yaʼalikoʼobeʼ le kúuchiloʼob kaʼachaʼ jach kʼaastak, chuupoʼob yéetel pik, yéetel le baʼax ku tsʼaʼabal jaantbil wa ukʼbiloʼ maʼ maʼalob beetaʼanikoʼobiʼ, u yuumiloʼob yéetel le máaxoʼob ku meyajoʼoboʼ maʼ utsul máakoʼobiʼ, tsʼoʼoleʼ le máaxoʼob ku binoʼob u kʼubéentubaʼob teʼ kúuchiloʼobaʼ máakoʼob ku biskoʼob upʼéel kʼaakʼas kuxtal». Utúul máak ku bisik upʼéel toj kuxtaleʼ maʼ tu bin pʼáatal kaʼach tiʼ upʼéel kúuchil beyaʼ.

Le oʼolaleʼ, le Bibliaoʼ mantatsʼ kiaʼalik tiʼe cristianoʼob, ka u kʼam tu yotochoʼob uláakʼ cristianoʼoboʼ. Apóstol Pabloeʼ tiaʼalaj tiʼe cristianoʼob kajaʼanoʼob Romaoʼ: «Áanteʼex le oksaj óoloʼob[...] yéetel baʼax kʼaʼabéettiʼoboʼ; kʼameʼex maʼalob le máaxoʼob ku xíimbaltikeʼexoʼoboʼ» (Tiʼ Romailoʼob 12:13). Tiʼe cristianoʼob yanoʼob Judeaoʼ tiaʼalaj xan tiʼob: «Maʼ u tuʼubul teʼex a kʼamikeʼex maʼalob le máaxoʼob ku kʼuchuloʼob ta wotocheʼexoʼ, tumen tu yoʼolal lelaʼ yaan tsʼeʼetsʼek tsʼoʼok u kʼamikoʼob ángeloʼob kex maʼ tu yojéeltjoʼobiʼ» (Tiʼ Hebreob 13:2). Apóstol Pedro xaneʼ tiaʼalaj tiʼe cristianoʼoboʼ: «Kʼamabaʼex ta baatsileʼex ta wotocheʼex [yéetel] x-maʼ kʼuuxilil» (1 San Pedro 4:9).

Baʼaleʼ yaan máakoʼob maʼ unaj u kʼamaʼaloʼob bey uʼulaboʼobeʼ. Apóstol Juaneʼ tiaʼalaj: «Jeʼel máaxak ka u jach táanilkuntubáa yéetel maʼ táan u pʼáatal tiʼ le baʼax tu kaʼansaj Cristooʼ, [...] maʼ a kʼamikeʼex ta wotocheʼex mix a tsikiltikeʼex; tumen le máax [tsikiltikoʼ] ku táakpajal tiʼ le kʼaas ku beetikoʼ» (2 San Juan 9-11). Ka tʼaanaj Pablo tiʼ le máaxoʼob, maʼ u kʼáat u pʼatoʼob le baʼaloʼob kʼaastak ku beetkoʼoboʼ, tiaʼalaj: «Maʼ u yantal mix baʼal a wileʼex yéetel le máax ku yaʼalikubáa sukuʼun, ku tsʼoʼokoleʼ j-nupkʼeban, wa tsʼíibol taakʼin, wa ku kʼultik beetbil [diosoʼob], wa ku yaʼalik baʼal, wa ku káaltal, wa ku yookol. Maʼ unaj mix a janaleʼex yéetel le máax beyoʼ» (1 tiʼ Corintoiloʼob 5:11).

Maʼ xaaneʼ yaan u yantal máakoʼob ken u aprovechartubaʼob kaʼach tiʼ u yutsil le jaajil cristianoʼoboʼ. La Didaché wa Enseñanza de los Apóstoles (upʼéel libro maʼ teʼ Biblia u taal jóoʼsaʼab teʼ siglo dos ku tsolik bix unaj u kuxtal utúul cristiano) kiaʼalikeʼ le máax ku bin kʼaʼaytaj táanxel kaajeʼ «maʼ unaj u pʼáatal maas tiʼ upʼéel kʼiiniʼ, baʼaleʼ wa ku kʼaʼabéetchajal u pʼáatleʼ maʼ unaj u máan tiʼ kaʼapʼéel kʼiiniʼ [...]. Yéetel ken lukʼukeʼ, [...] chéen u yoʼoch kun tsʼaabil u bise [...]; baʼaleʼ wa ku kʼáatik taakʼineʼ maʼ utúul jaajil profetaiʼ». Le libroaʼ kiaʼalik xan: «Wa taak u pʼáatal kajtal ichileʼexeʼ, wa yaan meyaj u yojleʼ, u beet utiaʼal ka yanak baʼal u jaante. Wa maʼ u yojel mix upʼéel meyajeʼ, ilawil a tsʼáaikeʼex baʼax kʼaʼabéet tiʼ utiaʼal u kuxtal ichileʼex, baʼaleʼ kaxteʼex upʼéel meyaj jeʼel u béeytal u beetkeʼ. Baʼaleʼ wa maʼ u kʼáat u beeteʼ u kʼáat yaʼaleʼ chéen taak u aprovecharkuba tiʼ a wutsileʼex. Kanáantabaʼex tiʼ le máakoʼob beyoʼobaʼ».

Apóstol Pabloeʼ maʼ chéen kulaj u páaʼt u siʼibil u yoʼoch tumen le sukuʼunoʼob tuʼux bin kʼaʼaytajoʼ, letiʼeʼ tu beetaj pasel nookʼoʼob utiaʼal u náajaltik u yoʼoch (Beetaʼanoʼob [Hechos] 18:1-3; 2 tiʼ Tesalonicailoʼob 3:7-12). Utiaʼal ka utsul kʼamaʼak kaʼach le sukuʼunoʼob ku binoʼob kʼaʼaytaj táanxel kaajoʼoboʼ ku túuxtaʼal kaʼach tsʼíibil juʼunoʼob, jeʼex tu beetaj Apóstol Pablo yoʼolal Febeaʼ: «Kin kʼubentik teʼex k-kiik Febe, [...] kʼameʼex maʼalob tu kʼaabaʼ Yuumtsil, [...] yéetel áanteʼex tiʼ jeʼel baʼalak ka kʼaʼabéetchajak tiʼeʼ» (Tiʼ Romailoʼob 16:1, 2).

Le utsiloʼob ku taasik u kʼamaʼal uʼulaboʼoboʼ

Le sukuʼunoʼob teʼ yáax siglo ku binoʼob kʼaʼaytaj táanxel kaajoʼoboʼ u yojloʼob kaʼach yaan u tsʼaʼabal baʼax kʼaʼabéettiʼob tumen Jéeoba. Baʼaleʼ, ¿ku kʼamaʼaloʼob wa kaʼach tumen u yéet sukuʼuniloʼob teʼ tuʼux ku binoʼob kʼaʼaytajoʼ? Lidiaeʼ tu kʼamaj Pablo tu yotoch yéetel uláakʼ u yéet kʼaʼaytajoʼob. Tu kaajil Corintoeʼ, kʼamaʼab tumen Áquila yéetel Priscila. Tu kaajil Filiposeʼ kʼamaʼab Pablo yéetel Silas tumen utúul j-kanan cárcel. Tu kaajil Tesalonicaeʼ kʼamaʼab tumen Jasón, tu kaajil Cesareaeʼ Felipe kʼamej, ka lukʼ tu kaajil Cesarea utiaʼal u bin Jerusaleneʼ kʼamaʼab tumen Mnasón. Utiaʼal u bin tu kaajil Romaeʼ kʼamaʼab tumen le sukuʼunoʼob kajaʼanoʼob Puteolioʼ. ¡Bukaʼaj wal úuchik u kiʼimaktal u yóol le sukuʼunoʼob tu kʼamoʼob Pablo tu yotochoʼoboʼ! (Beetaʼanoʼob 16:33, 34; 17:7; 18:1-3; 21:8, 16; 28:13, 14.)

Frederick F. Bruce, utúul máax jach kaʼanchajaʼan u xookeʼ, tiaʼalaj: «Tuláakal le máaxoʼob kʼam Pablooʼ péeksaʼaboʼob tumen le yaabilaj ku yuʼubikoʼob yoʼolaloʼ yéetel yoʼolal Cristo. U yojloʼobeʼ wa ku yeʼeskoʼob u yutsiloʼob tiʼ Pabloeʼ bey tiʼ Cristo ku yeʼeskoʼob u yutsiloʼobeʼ». Lelaʼ  ku yeʼesiktoʼon baʼaxten kʼaʼabéet k-eʼesik utsil tiʼ tuláakal le sukuʼunoʼoboʼ.

Teʼ kʼiinoʼobaʼ láayliʼ kʼaʼabéet u jach eʼesaʼal utsil tiʼ tuláakal le sukuʼunoʼoboʼ. Yaʼabach sukuʼunoʼob ku xíimbaltikoʼob le múuchʼuliloʼoboʼ ku jach utsul kʼamaʼaloʼob tumen u yéet cristianoiloʼob. Yaan sukuʼunoʼob ku binoʼob kʼaʼaytaj teʼ kaajoʼob tuʼux ku talamtal tiʼe sukuʼunoʼob u kʼuchloʼob kʼaʼaytajoʼ, letiʼob manik tuláakal le baʼax kʼaʼabéettiʼoboʼ. Jach yaʼab utsil ku taasik u kʼamaʼal le sukuʼunoʼob kex jach óotsil máakoʼ. Kex maʼ yéetel upʼéel nojoch jaanleʼ jeʼel u páajtal u yeʼesik u yutsil máak tiʼ uláakʼ sukuʼunoʼobeʼ, lelaʼ ku tsʼáaik tuʼux k-paklan muʼukʼankúuntik k-óol yéetel k-eʼesik k-yaabilaj tiʼe k-sukuʼunoʼoboʼ bey xan tiʼ Jéeoba (Tiʼ Romailoʼob 1:11, 12). U utsul kʼamaʼal le uʼulaboʼoboʼ ku taasik yaʼab utsil, tumen, «yaan asab kiʼimak óolal u tsʼaʼabal wa baʼax tiʼ u kʼaʼamal wa baʼax» (Beetaʼanoʼob 20:35).

[Tsolajiloʼob]

[U tsolajil le oochel teʼ táan juʼun 15]

Le cristianoʼoboʼ ku utsul kʼamikoʼob le máaxoʼob xíimbaltkoʼoboʼ