Omama Abanempilo, Abantwana Abanempilo

YANELISEKILE futhi ijabule, ingane esanda kuzalwa ithokomele ezandleni zikanina. Uyise uyaziqhenya ngayo. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi simo esijabulisayo senzeka izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezigidi unyaka ngamunye, kulula ukukuthatha njengento evamile ukuzalwa kahle kwengane. Phela, kuyinqubo engokwemvelo—ngakho, kungani kufanele ukhathazeke?

Kuyavunywa, ngokuvamile ukubeletha kuhamba kahle, kodwa akubi njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho, abantu abahlakaniphile abazoba abazali bathatha izinyathelo eziwukuhlakanipha zokugwema izinkinga ezingadingekile. Ngokwesibonelo, bafunda ngezimbangela zezinkinga eziphathelene nokubeletha, bafuna ukunakekelwa okufanele kwangaphambi kokubeletha, futhi bathatha nezinyathelo ezilula zokunciphisa izinkinga phakathi nesikhathi semihelo nokubeletha. Ake sicabangele la maphuzu ngokuningiliziwe.

Izimbangela Zezinkinga Zokubeletha

Enye yezimbangela zezinkinga zokubeletha kumama nomntwana ukunganakekeleki kahle phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa. UDkt. Cheung Kam-lau, ongudokotela wezingane egumbini lokwelapha izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ePrince of Wales Hospital eHong Kong, uthi “ukunganakekeleki kahle phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa kungase kubangele izingozi ezinkulu.” Uphinde athi “iningi lomama lilindela izingane eziphilile nezinhle, kodwa izinto azenzeki ngendlela abafisa ngayo njalo.”

Ngokuphathelene nezinkinga ezithinta omama, incwadi ethi Journal of the American Medical Women’s  Association ithi, “izimbangela ezinkulu zokufa kukamama phakathi nokubeletha” ukopha kakhulu, ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokubeletha, ukuhlaselwa amagciwane nokwenyuka ngendlela engavamile komfutho wegazi. Kodwa ziyaziwa izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, futhi ezimweni eziningi, le ncwadi iyenezela, “izindlela zokwelapha zamanje . . . aziyona inkimbinkimbi.”

Ukunakekelwa okutholakalayo kungasiza nabantwana abaningi. I-UN Chronicle ibika ukuthi “ukushona ngemva kokuzalwa kwabantwana abayizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu kungavinjelwa uma bonke omama nezinsana zabo” bengathola ukwelashwa “okwaziwayo, okusebenzayo futhi okungase kwenziwe ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi.” Nokho, ngokudabukisayo ukungabi nalwazi nokuyithatha kalula indaba yokuzinakekela komama ngaphambi kokubeletha kuvame kakhulu, kubika iPhilippines News Agency.

Ukunakekelwa Okufanele Kukamama Nomntwana Ngaphambi Kokubeletha

I-UN Chronicle ithi: “Omama abanempilo bazala abantwana abanempilo.” Iphinde iphawule ukuthi lapho owesifazane engatholi ukunakekeleka okufanele ngokwezempilo noma engakutholi nhlobo phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokukhulelwa, yokubeletha, nangemva kokubeletha, nomntanakhe uthola ukunakekeleka okuncane ngokwempilo noma angakutholi nhlobo.

Emazweni athile kungase kube nzima ngowesifazane okhulelwe ukuba athole ukunakekeleka okufanele. Mhlawumbe kufanele ahambe ibanga elide noma kungenzeka akanayo imali yokukhokhela izindleko zokwelashwa. Noma kunjalo, umama ozobeletha kufanele azame ukuthola okungenani usizo oluthile lochwepheshe abanakekela abakhulelwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kowesifazane ophila ngezimfundiso zeBhayibheli Elingcwele, elithi ukuphila komuntu kungcwele, kuhlanganise nokwengane engakazalwa.—Eksodusi 21:22, 23; * Duteronomi 22:8.

Ingabe ukunakekelwa okufanele kusho ukuya kudokotela masonto onke? Cha, akunjalo. Ngokuphathelene nezinkinga ezithile ezivamile eziba khona phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa nokubeletha, i-World Health Organization (WHO) “yathola ukuthi abesifazane ababeye kudokotela izikhathi ezine nje kuphela phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa” babejabulela imiphumela “efana neyalabo ababeye izikhathi ezingu-12 noma ngaphezulu.”

Lokho Odokotela Abangakwenza

Ukuze benze izinto zibe ngcono kumama nomntwana ongakazalwa, ochwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwempilo, ikakhulukazi labo abenza umsebenzi wokubelethisa, bathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

◼ Bahlola umlando wezempilo wesiguli bese besixilonga ukuze bathole izingozi futhi bavimbele izinkinga ezingase zihilele umama noma umbungu osakhula.

◼ Bangase bathathe amasampula egazi noma omchamo ukuze bahlole izinkinga ezinjengokuntuleka kwegazi, ukuhlaselwa amagciwane, isimo sokuzwela komzimba (Rh) nezinye izifo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlanganisa isifo sikashukela, isimungumungwana, izifo ezithathelwana ngobulili nesifo sezinso esingaphakamisa umfutho wegazi.

◼ Uma kufaneleka futhi isiguli sikwamukela, bangase basikisele imithi ethile yokwelapha izinto ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukuqina kwemisipha nemihlathi (tetanus), nesimo sokuzwela komzimba (Rh).

◼ Bangase batuse namaphilisi ezakha-mzimba, ikakhulukazi i-folic acid.

Lapho odokotela bethola izingozi kothile  ezihambisana nokukhulelwa bese bethatha izinyathelo ezifanele—noma basize umama ukuba enze kanjalo—bathuthukisa amathuba okuba umphumela ube muhle kowesifazane nakumntwana ongakazalwa.

Ukunciphisa Izingozi Phakathi Nemihelo Nokubeletha

UJoy Phumaphi, owayeyisekela lomqondisi we-Family and Community Health kuyi-WHO uthi: “Isikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu kowesifazane okhulelwe yinkathi ebucayi yemihelo nokubeletha.” Yini engenziwa ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ezinkulu, ngisho nezisongela ukuphila ngalesi sikhathi esibucayi? Empeleni, izinyathelo zilula, kodwa kufanele zithathwe kusengaphambili. * Lokhu kubaluleke nakakhulu kulabo abakwenqabayo ukumpontshelwa igazi ngenxa yezizathu ezisekelwe eBhayibhelini noma labo abafuna ukuligwema igazi ngenxa yezingozi eziphawulekayo ezingokwempilo.—IzEnzo 15:20, 28, 29.

Iziguli ezinjalo kufanele zenze lokho ezinamandla okukwenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umnakekeli wezempilo okungaba udokotela noma umbelethisi, bobabili bayafaneleka futhi banokuhlangene nakho kokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kwegazi. Kanti abazali abalindele umntwana kuyoba ukuhlakanipha ukuba baqiniseke ukuthi isibhedlela noma izikhungo zokubelethisa zikulungele ukubambisana nabo. * Nansi imibuzo  emibili okubalulekile ukuba ibuzwe kudokotela: 1. Uyokwenzenjani uma umama womntwana noma umntwana belahlekelwa igazi eliningi noma kuba nezinye izinkinga? 2. Uma kungenzeka ungabikhona ngesikhathi sokubelethwa komntwana, yimaphi amanye amalungiselelo ayokwenziwa?

Yiqiniso, owesifazane ohlakaniphile uyoxoxa nodokotela wakhe ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi umthamo wegazi lakhe usesilinganisweni esifanele ngaphambi kokufika kwesikhathi sokubeletha. Ukuze kwenyuswe umthamo wegazi lesiguli, udokotela angase atuse ukuba sisebenzise amaphilisi okuthiwa i-folic acid, izakhi ezinokusansimbi kanye nezinhlobo zikavithamini B.

Udokotela uyocabangela namanye amaqiniso. Ngokwesibonelo, ingabe ukuhlola isiguli sakhe ngaphambi kokubeletha kuveza izinkinga zempilo ezidinga ukunakekelwa? Ingabe umama olindele umntwana kudingeka agweme ukuma kakhulu? Ingabe kudingeka aphumule kakhudlwana? Ingabe kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukuba akhuluphale noma anciphise umzimba noma avivinye umzimba kakhudlwana? Ingabe kudingeka anakekele inhlanzeko engokomzimba kakhudlwana okuhlanganisa nokuhlanzeka komlomo?

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma owesifazane okhulelwe enesifo sezinsini lokho kwandisa amathuba okuba abe negazi elinobuthi, isimo esibucayi ngezinye izikhathi esibonakala ngokuphakama komfutho wegazi, ubuhlungu bekhanda obungapheli nokudumba (ukugcwala kwamanzi emzimbeni). * Igazi elinobuthi lingaholela ekubeletheni ngaphambi kwesikhathi okuyimbangela eyinhloko yokufa kwabaningi phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.

Yiqiniso, udokotela ocophelelayo uyonaka noma yiziphi izimpawu zokugula kumama okhulelwe. Uma eba nezinhlungu zokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uyosikisela ukuba aye esibhedlela, okungasindisa ukuphila.

UDkt. Quazi Monirul Islam, umqondisi we- Department of Making Pregnancy Safer ye-WHO uthi: “Abantu besifazane bafaka ukuphila kwabo engozini ukuze balethe ukuphila.” Kodwa ukunakekelwa okuhle kwempilo phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa neyokubeletha nangokushesha ngemva kwalokho kungasiza ekugwemeni izinkinga eziningi ngisho nokufa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, zama ukulondoloza isimo esihle sempilo. Phela uma ufuna ukuba nomntwana ophile kahle kufanele wenze konke ongakwenza ukuze ube umama ophile kahle.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 27]

Ngokwezibalo ezakhishwa ngo-October 2007, kushona owesifazane oyedwa cishe njalo ngomzuzu, okungabesifazane abangu-536 000 ngonyaka—ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa.—United Nations Population Fund.

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 28]

“Unyaka ngamunye izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-3,3 zishona zingakazalwa kanti ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezine zishona phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-28 zizelwe.”—UN Chronicle

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 29]

 AMALUNGISELELO PHAKATHI NENKATHI YOKUKHULELWA

1. Khetha ngokuhlakanipha isibhedlela ozobelethela kuso, udokotela noma umbelethisi ngokwenza ucwaningo kusenesikhathi.

2. Yiya njalo kudokotela noma kumbelethisi, ukuze nakhe ukwethembana nobuhlobo obunobungane.

3. Yinakekele impilo yakho. Uma kungenzeka, yidla amavithamini afanele, kodwa gwema ukusebenzisa imithi (ngisho netholakala ekhemisi) uma nje udokotela engashongo ukuthi yisebenzise. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukugwema utshwala. “Nakuba ingozi inkulu kakhulu kubantwana bomama abaphuza kakhulu, okwamanje akukacaci ukuthi sikhona yini isilinganiso esiphephile sotshwala kowesifazane okhulelwe,” kusho i-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

4. Uma uba nemihelo singakafiki isikhathi sokubeletha (ngaphambi kwesonto lika-37), xhumana nodokotela wakho noma uye endaweni yokubeletha ngokushesha. Ukuthola usizo ngokushesha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukubeletha singakafiki isikhathi nezinkinga ezingase zibe umphumela. *

5. Kubhale phansi lokho okunqumayo ngokuphathelene nokunakekelwa ngokwezempilo. Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi bakuthole kuwusizo ukugcwalisa ikhadi i-DPA (durable power of attorney) kusenesikhathi. Thola ukuthi yini esetshenziswayo futhi esemthethweni neyamukelekayo ezweni lakini.

6. Ngemva kokubeletha yinakekele impilo yakho nomntwana, ikakhulukazi uma ingane izalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Xhumana nodokotela wezingane ngokushesha ukuze ahlole ukuthi zikhona yini izinkinga ezikhona.

[Umbhalo waphansi]