Nazi Izizwe Ezihlukahlukene ZaseThailand

Kuyavungazela ezimakethe zaseChiang Mai. Izixuku ziyaphithizela ematafuleni aseceleni komgwaqo anezinto ezinhlobonhlobo. Abathengi bacela isaphulelo kubathengisi phakathi kwalesi siminyaminya. Kulesi sinyokotho sasenyakatho yeThailand, izivakashi zihlangana nezizwe ezihlukahlukene ezihlala ezintabeni zaseThailand.

IZAKHAMUZI zaseThailand eziyizigidi ezingu-65 zihlanganisa abantu abavela ezinhlangeni ezincane ezingu-23 okuthiwa izizwe zasezintabeni. Eziningi zalezo zizwe zihlala enyakatho yeThailand, indawo enezintaba, imifula, izigodi ezivundile ezihlanganisa indawo esuka kuleso sigodi kuya eMyanmar naseLaos.

Izizwe eziningi zaseThailand ezihlala ezintabeni zafika lapho phakathi neminyaka engu-200 edlule. AmaKaren, ayisizwe esikhulu kweziyisithupha eziyinhloko, ayesuka eMyanmar. AmaLahu, amaLisu nama-Akha ayevela eYunnan, ezintabeni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina. Kanti amaHmong namaMien ayevela enkabeni yeChina. *

Lezi zizwe zafuduka ngokuyinhloko zibalekela izimpi, ukucindezelwa emphakathini futhi zifuna indawo evundile. * Inyakatho yeThailand yaba isiphephelo esifanele ngoba yayikude, inezintaba futhi kungenabantu abaningi abahlala kuyo. Nohulumeni waseThailand wabavumela laba bafuduki ukuba bahlale. Ngokushesha imizi esezintabeni yathi chithi saka, inezinhlanga ezihlukene ezazakhelene ezinamasiko nezilimi ezihlukahlukene.

Imvunulo Eyingqayizivele Namasiko Anhlobonhlobo

Isizwe ngasinye sasezintabeni singaphawuleka ngemvunulo yaso eyingqayizivele. Ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane abangama-Akha banemishuqulo emikhulu empunga, efana nemibhoshongo ephakeme ehlotshiswe ngemiyeko, imifekethiso nemali  eyizinhlamvu. Eminye iminqwazo yabo ifana nomakalabha abenziwe ngensimbi bahlotshiswa ngezinkinobho ezicwebezelayo, ubuhlalu namabhola. Abesifazane abangamaMien ayabafanela amabhulukwe abo anemifekethiso, okuthatha cishe iminyaka emihlanu ukuwenza. Imishuqulo emihle, izingubo ezifika emaqakaleni ezineziphika ezibomvu, kanye namabhande ansomi aphelelisa le mvunulo enhle.

Lapho sebevunule beconsa, abesifazane bezizwe zasezintabeni bahloba ngemihlobiso ehlukahlukene empunga ecwebezelayo ekhencezayo, okubonisa isikhundla sabo nengcebo kubantu ababukele nezesheli. Ezinye izinto zemfashini zingase zenziwe ngengilazi, ukhuni nokotini.

Abantu abaningi abahlala kulezi zintaba bayaziqhenya ngamasiko abo. Ngokwesibonelo, intsha engamaKaren ivunula iconse uma iya emingcwabeni kunalapho iya kwezinye izenzakalo. Ngasiphi isizathu? Intsha eningi iya kule mingcwabo inethemba lokuhlangana nabantu ezoshada nabo esikhathini esizayo. Ngemva kokushona kwelanga, intsha—amabhungu namatshitshi—ibambana ngezandla, ihambe kancane izungeze umufi futhi ihlabelele izingoma zothando ubusuku bonke.

Intsha engamaHmong ishelana lapho idlala umdlalo okhethekile emkhosini kaNcibijane. Abafana namantombazane okungenzeka bayathandana bayabhangqana, bame emigqeni babhekane bashiye isikhadlana phakathi kwabo. Babe sebephonselana ibhola elithambile elenziwe ngendwangu. Uma othile eliwisa leli bhola—ngamabomu noma ngephutha—ube esenika lona omunye umhlobiso omncane. Kamuva kusihlwa, lezi zinto angazithola ngokuhlabelela ingoma. Uma lona osemusha ecula kamnandi, lokhu kungase kudonse izihlwele, ngaphandle nje kokwandisa amathuba okuba athole isithandwa senhliziyo yakhe.

Ukubhekana Noshintsho

Esikhathini esidlule izizwe eziningi zasezintabeni zazigawula amahlathi angonakalisiwe ukuze zitshale ukudla futhi zifuye. Lo mkhuba wawudala izinkinga ezinkulu emvelweni. Kodwa manje abantu sebeyinakekela kangcono indawo, okuye kwaba nemiphumela ezuzisayo.

Njengoba zihlala endaweni evundile engunxantathu—ehlanganisa iThailand, iLaos neMyanmar—izizwe eziningi zasezintabeni zazivame ukutshala i-opium. Kodwa namuhla sezitshala ikhofi, imifino, izithelo nezimbali ngenxa yezinhlelo zokukhuthaza ezolimo ezixhaswa umndeni wasebukhosini baseThailand kanye nezinhlangano zosizo zomhlaba wonke. Abantu abaningi bakule ndawo badayisela izivakashi izinto ezithile, bazenzele izinkonzo ezikhokhelwayo kanye nezinto ezenziwe ngezandla.

Noma kunjalo, ubumpofu, ukungakhucululwa kahle kwendle kanye nokuntula imfundo kwenza  ukuphila kwabaningi kube nzima. Ezinye izinto ezingezinhle zihlanganisa ukuwohloka kwemithombo yemvelo, ukushintsha kwamasiko, ukucwasana kwezinhlanga, ukudla izidakamizwa nokuphuza ngokweqile. Okhokho balezi zizwe babalekela eThailand bebalekela izinkinga ezifanayo. Kodwa singatholakala kuphi isiphephelo namuhla?

Isiphephelo Esinokwethenjelwa

Abantu abaningi abahlala kulezi zintaba batholé isiphephelo esingcono kunazo zonke—uNkulunkulu weqiniso, uJehova. KumaHubo 34:8, iBhayibheli lithi: “Nambithani nibone ukuthi uJehova muhle; iyajabula indoda enamandla ephephela kuye.” UJawlay, ongowesizwe samaLahu, uthi: “Ngesikhathi ngishada ngineminyaka engu-19 ubudala, ngangiyisidakwa nomlutha wezidakamizwa. Ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa, ngangingakwazi ukusebenza, futhi ngaphandle komsebenzi, ngangingenayo imali. Umkami, u-Anothai, wayezizwa eshiywe dengwane futhi engathandwa. Sasilwa njalo.

“Ngemva kokuzalwa kwendodakazi yethu, uSuphawadee, u-Anothai waqala ukufunda iBhayibheli noFakazi BakaJehova. Kodwa mina ngangibalekela ehlathini njalo lapho oFakazi befika kwami. Nokho, ngokushesha ukuziphatha komkami kwaqala ukuthuthuka. Wayekhuluma nami ngenhlonipho futhi eyinakekela kahle imisebenzi yasendlini. Ngakho lapho engikhuthaza ukuba ngifunde iBhayibheli, ngavuma.

“Njengoba izimfundiso zeBhayibheli zithinta inhliziyo yami, ngaqala ukuthuthuka kancane kancane. Ekugcineni, ngosizo lukaNkulunkulu, ngakunqoba ukulutheka kwami. Manje umkhaya wami usujabule ngempela, ngoba sithole indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphila! Siyakujabulela nokutshela ezinye izizwe zasezintabeni ngezimfundiso ezinhle zeBhayibheli.”

Amazwi kaJawlay asikhumbuza isiprofetho seBhayibheli esisencwadini yesAmbulo, esithi ezinsukwini zokugcina zaleli zwe lamanje elibi, kwakuyomenyezelwa ‘izindaba ezinhle zaphakade kuzo zonke izizwe nezinhlanga nezilimi nabantu.’ (IsAmbulo 14:6) OFakazi BakaJehova bakubheka njengelungelo ukuhlanganyela kulowo msebenzi, okufakazela uthando lukaNkulunkulu ngabo bonke abantu, kuhlanganise nezizwe ezihlukahlukene zasezintabeni zaseThailand.—Johane 3:16.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 16]

INGABE LA MASONGO AYAYINWEBA INTAMO?

Abesifazane abaningi abangamaKayan bathatha indaba yokuhloba njengento enkulu ngokufaka amasongo ethusi acwebezelayo angaba amasentimitha angu-38 entanyeni. * Lokhu kuqala lapho amantombazane eseneminyaka engaba mihlanu. Njalo ngemva kweminyaka ethile ayashintshwa la masongo kufakwe amade futhi asindayo kuze kube yilapho esekhulile, bese kufakwa amasongo angu-25 anesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu angu-13! Nakuba kubonakala sengathi intamo iyanwebeka, akunjalo. Kunalokho, la masongo acindezela amahlombe nezimbambo.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Umthombo]

Hilltribe Museum, Chiang Mai

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 17]

IZINSUMANSUMANE ZIKAZAMCOLO

AmaLisu namaHmong anezinganekwane ezikhuluma ngozamcolo. Kwenye yezinganekwane zamaHmong, “iNkosi Yesibhakabhaka” ixwayisa izelamani ezimbili ngokuthi maduze kuzofika uzamcolo ozomboza umhlaba wonke. Iyala umfowabo omdala onobudlova ukuba akhe isikebhe sensimbi, futhi umfowabo omncane yena akhe isikebhe sezingodo. Ibe isitshela omncane ukuba athathe udadewabo, kanye nesilwane ngasinye seduna nesensikazi nezinhlamvu ezimbili zembewu kuzo zonke izimila, angene esikebheni sezingodo.

Lapho kufika uzamcolo, isikebhe sensimbi siyazika, kodwa esezingodo sintante. Kube sekuvela inkanyamba efana nothingo yomise umhlaba. Ekugcineni, le nsizwa ishada nodadewabo, futhi izingane zabo ziyazala zigcwalise umhlaba. Phawula ukufana okukhona phakathi kwale nganekwane nomlando olotshwe ngokunembile oseBhayibhelini Elingcwele kuGenesise isahluko 6 kuya ku-10.

[Isithombe ekhasini 16, 17]

Abesifazane bomdabu bevunule beconsa

[Umthombo]

Hilltribe Museum, Chiang Mai

[Izithombe ekhasini 17]

UJawlay nomkhaya wakhe

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 15]

Both pictures: Hilltribe Museum, Chiang Mai