Ukuhlaselwa Kwesimiso Sezokuxhumana!

AKE ucabange ngeviyo lemigulukudu engochwepheshe bezama-computer elisebenzisa i-Internet ukuze lilawule ibutho lama-computer elingene kuwo ngokungemthetho. Leli butho lama-computer, elaziwa ngokuthi ama-botnet (robot networks), lithumela inqwaba yamagciwane ezweni elithile ngokukhethekile. Ngemizuzwana nje, izingosi zezokuphepha, ezezimali nezentengiselwano zalelo zwe ziyahluleka ukusebenza. Imishini Yokukhipha Imali kanye nezingcingo kuyayeka ukusebenza. Izindiza azikwazi ukundiza, kuphazamiseka izinhlelo zama-computer nezokuzivikela ezikhungweni zokuphehla amandla enuzi. Abantu bebengasabela kanjani? Yini abebengayenza? Yini wena obungayenza?

Mhlawumbe izimo ezibalwe ngenhla zibonakala zingenakwenzeka. Kodwa ngokwalokho okushiwo uRichard A. Clarke, oweyenguMxhumanisi Wezokuphepha, Ukuvikelwa Kwengqalasizinda, Nokulwa Nobuphekula ezweni lase-U.S., into efana nale ingenzeka ngempela. Empeleni, sekuke kwaba khona ukuhlaselwa kwesimiso sezokuxhumana. * Mhlawumbe nawe usuke waba yisisulu sakho.

Kungani kungaba nomuntu ofuna ukuhlasela isimiso sezokuxhumana? Sihlaselwa kanjani? Njengoba abathile bevame ukuba yizisulu kuyi-Internet, wena ungazivikela kanjani lapho uyisebenzisa?

Inkundla Yempi Yezobuchwepheshe

Abantu bahlasela isimiso sezokuxhumana ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphekula noma ohulumeni, bangase bazame ukungena emizileni yokuxhumana yama-computer ezitha zabo ukuze bebe izimfihlo noma balimaze imishini elawulwa ngala ma-computer. Ngo-2010, uWilliam J. Lynn III, Iphini Likanobhala Wezokuphepha wavuma ukuthi “izitha” zakwamanye amazwe zazihlasele kaningi futhi zangena emizileni eyimfihlo yama-computer ase-U.S. zeba “izinkulungwane zamafayela . . . kuhlanganise imidwebo yezikhali ezazisazokwakhiwa, izinhlelo ezazihlongozwa, nokwaziswa kwezobunhloli.”—Bheka ibhokisi elithi  “Ukuhlaselwa Kwamuva Kwesimiso Sezokuxhumana.”

Izigebengu zama-computer zisebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo ukuze zebe izinto ezisungulwe ngabanye abantu noma imininingwane engokwezimali emizileni yokuxhumana kwezamabhizinisi noma kuma-computer abantu. Kuthiwa izigebengu zenza izinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka ngobuqili kuyi-Internet.

 Izigebengu kuyi-Internet sezinebutho elikhulu lama-computer ezingene kuwo ngokungemthetho ukuze zihlasele zisebenzisa i-Internet. Ngo-2009, inkampani ethile yezokuphepha kuyi-Internet yathola iqembu lezigila-mkhuba ezilawula umzila oxhumanisa ama-computer angaba ngu-2 000 000 emhlabeni wonke, iningi lawo elingelabantu abavamile nje. Muva nje, i-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ithe, cishe i-computer eyodwa kwamathathu kuyi-Internet isetshenziswa yisigebengu engazi umniniyo. Kuthiwani ngeyakho? Ingabe othile angayisebenzisa ungazi wena?

Izinhlelo Eziyingozi Ezingabonakali

Bona lesi simo ngeso lengqondo. Isigebengu sifaka uhlelo lwe-computer oluyingozi kuyi-Internet. Lapho lolu hlelo luthola i-computer yakho, luyangena kuyo futhi lucinge isimiso sayo sokuzivikela ungazi. Lapho luthola intuba engavikelwe, lungena lujule kuyo lucinge ukwaziswa okubalulekile. * Lolu hlelo oluyingozi lungabe selushintsha noma lusule wonke amafayela e-computer yakho, luzithumele lona ngokwalo kwamanye ama-computer nge-e-mail, noma luthumele i-password, imininingwane yasebhange, noma olunye ulwazi oluyimfihlo esigebengwini esingene kuyo ngokungemthetho.

Izigebengu zingakuphamba, zibangele ukuba kube nguwe ofaka igciwane kuyi-computer yakho! Kanjani? Ungazifakela igciwane kuyi-computer ngokuvula ifayela elibonakala lingeyona ingozi oluthunyelelwe nge-e-mail, ngokuvula i-link, ngokuthatha nangokufaka kuyi-computer uhlelo lwamahhala oluthole kuyi-Internet, ngokufaka kuyi-computer into yokugcina amafayela (memory stick) enegciwane noma ngokungena engosini engabazekayo. Zonke lezi zenzo zingafaka amagciwane kuyi-computer yakho futhi zibangele ukuba ilawulwe isigebengu ungazi.

Ungabona kanjani ukuthi i-computer yakho isinegciwane? Kungaba nzima ukulibona. I-computer noma umgudu we-Internet owusebenzisayo ungase ushaye ngonyawo lonwabu, izinhlelo onazo kuyo zingase zingasebenzi, kungase kuvele amabhokisi akunxusa ukuba ufake izinhlelo ezithile, noma i-computer yakho ingase isebenze ngendlela engavamile. Uma ubona okuthile  okubalwe ngenhla, cela uchwepheshe wama-computer akuhlolele yona.

‘Cabangela Izinyathelo Zakho’

Njengoba izizwe nabantu ngabanye beya ngokuya bethembela kakhulu ebuchwephesheni bama-computer, cishe kuzovama nokuhlaselwa kwesimiso sezokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, izizwe eziningi zimatasa zizama ukuzivikela, futhi abathile benza imisebenzi emikhulu ukuze bahlole ukuthi iphephé kangakanani imizila yokuxhumana yama-computer. Noma kunjalo, uSteven Chabinsky, onesikhundla esiphakeme kuyi-U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation futhi onguchwepheshe wezokuphepha, uthi “uma sinesikhathi nemali, isigebengu esizimisele siyohlale sikwazi njalo ukungena ezinhlelweni ezithile.”

Yini ongayenza ukuze uzivikele lapho usebenzisa i-Internet? Nakuba ungenakuvikeleka ngokuphelele lapho usebenzisa i-Internet, ungakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokwenza i-computer yakho ivikeleke nakakhudlwana. (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “Zivikele!”) IBhayibheli lithi: “Okhaliphile uyazicabangela izinyathelo zakhe.” (IzAga 14:15) Ngokuqinisekile lesi iseluleko esihle kakhulu lapho usebenzisa i-Internet!

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 26]

Izigebengu kuyi-Internet sezinebutho elikhulu lama-computer ezingene kuwo ngokungemthetho

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 27]

Ngokwe-OECD cishe i-computer eyodwa kwamathathu kuyi-Internet isetshenziswa yisigebengu engazi umniniyo

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 27]

 UKUHLASELWA KWAMUVA KWESIMISO SEZOKUXHUMANA

Ngo-2003: Igciwane le-computer eliyi-worm okuthiwa i-Slammer lasakazeka ngendlela eyisimanga kuyi-Internet, langena kuma-computer angaba ngu-75 000 phakathi nemizuzu eyishumi nje kuphela. * I-Internet yaqala ukushaya ngonyawo lonwabu, futhi izingosi zangabe zisasebenza, Imishini Yokukhipha Imali yayeka ukusebenza, izindiza zangakwazi ukundiza, kwaphazamiseka ama-computer nezinhlelo zokuphepha esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi.

Ngo-2007: I-Estonia yabhekana nensakavukela yokuhlaselwa kwesimiso sezokuxhumana, okwathinta uhulumeni, imithombo yezindaba namabhange. Ukuhlasela okuningi kwakuvela emizileni yama-computer okwangenwa kuwo ngokungemthetho (botnets), kwabangela ukuba ama-computer angaphezu kwesigidi emazweni angu-75 athumele izicelo mbumbulu ukuze kutholakale ukwaziswa okuthile.

Ngo-2010: Igciwane le-worm eliyinkimbinkimbi okuthiwa i-Stuxnet laphazamisa isimiso esilawula ukusebenza kwesikhungo senuzi e-Iran.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 28]

ZIVIKELE!

1. Faka uhlelo lokuvimba amagciwane (antivirus) kuyi-computer yakho, olokubona okungena ngokungemthetho (spyware) nolokuvimba (firewall). Zithuthukise njalo lezi zinhlelo uma sekukhona ezamuva.

2. Cabanga ngaphambi kokuba uvule ama-link noma uvule amafayela afike nge-e-mail noma nemiyalezo—ngisho noma kuvela kubangane. Qapha kakhulu uma kuwumyalezo obungawulindele futhi ukubuza imininingwane yakho eyimfihlo ne-password.

3. Ungalinge ukopishe noma usebenzise uhlelo oluvela emthonjeni ongawazi.

4. Sebenzisa ama-password anezinhlavu ezingu-8 okungenani nenombolo nophawu, futhi washintshe njalo. Sebenzisa ama-password ahlukahlukene kuma-akhawunti ahlukene.

5. Yenza ibhizinisi nezinkampani ezinedumela elihle kuphela kuyi-Internet futhi ezisebenzisa imigudu ephephile. *

6. Ungalinge usho imininingwane eyimfihlo ephathelene nawe noma ama-akhawunti akho lapho usebenzisa umzila ongaphephile we-Wi-Fi, njengalapho usendaweni yomphakathi.

7. Yivale i-computer uma ungayisebenzisi.

8. Yiba nendawo ephephile ogcina kuyo amakhophi amafayela akho.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Isithombe ekhasini 28]

Yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze uzivikela lapho usebenzisa i-Internet