Ukuhlushwa Kwaphakade—Kungani Kuyimfundiso Ephazamisayo?

“Ngizwa kuthiwa nimxoshile umfundisi wenu. Bekwenze njani?”

“Ubelokhu esitshela ukuthi sonke siya esihogweni.”

“Umfundisi omusha uthini yena?”

“Nomfundisi omusha uthi siya esihogweni.”

“Phó uyini umehluko?”

“Eh, umehluko uwukuthi lapho umfundisi wokuqala ekusho lokhu, wayezwakala sengathi wayekujabulela; kodwa lapho lendoda entsha ikusho, kuzwakala sengathi kuyephula umoya.”

LENDABA, echazwe encwadini yemifanekiso ibonisa ukuthi abafundisi beBhayibheli abaningi, kanye nabantu abasontayo, abakhululekile ngemfundiso yesihogo. Ngomqondo obanzi, igcizelela lokho isazi senkolo saseCanada uClark H. Pinnock esakusho: “Kuzo zonke izihloko zenkolo eziye zakhathaza unembeza wabantu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ngicabanga ukuthi zimbalwa ezabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kunencazelo eyamukelwayo yesihogo njengesiwukujeziswa kwaphakade komzimba nomphefumulo okuphilayo.”

Izimiso Zokulunga Ezihilelekile

Khona-ke, kungani abantu abaningi becasulwa imifanekiso yesihogo eboniswa kweLobukholwa?  (Bheka ibhokisi.) Uprofesa Pinnock uyaphawula: “Umqondo wokuthi isidalwa esiphilayo kufanele sihlushwe ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo isikhathi esingapheli uyaphazamisa ngempela, futhi umcabango wokuthi lokhu kulethwa kubo ngentando yaphezulu konakalisa ukholo lwami ngothando lukaNkulunkulu.”

Yebo, imfundiso yokuhlushwa phakade inikeza inkinga ngokwezimiso zokulunga. Ngokwesibonelo, amaKristu aqotho acabanga ngemibuzo eyaphakanyiswa yisazi senkolo esingumKatolika uHans Küng: “Ingabe uNkulunkulu wothando kufanele . . . abukele phakade ukuhlushwa okungokomzimba nokungokwengqondo kwezidalwa zakhe okungapheli, okungenathemba, okungenasihawu, okungenaluthando nokunonya?” UKüng uyaqhubeka: “Ingabe unenhliziyo elukhuni kangako? . . . Besingacabangani ngomuntu owanelisa isifiso sakhe sokuphindisela ngonya nangokungeneliseki kangaka?” * Ngempela, uNkulunkulu eBhayibhelini ositshela ukuthi kumelwe sithande izitha zethu angafisa kanjani ukuhlupha izitha zakhe phakade? (1 Johane 4:8-10) Akumangalisi, abanye abantu bephetha ngokuthi isimo sesihogo simane nje asivumelani nobuntu bukaNkulunkulu, nokuthi lemfundiso ayinangqondo ngokwezimiso zokulunga.

Amanye amakholwa amaningi azama ukungalahlwa onembeza bawo ngokuyishalazela lemibuzo. Nokho, ukugwema lemibuzo akuziqedi lezizimiso zokulunga ezididayo. Ngakho ake sibhekane nalendaba. Yiziphi izimiso zokulunga ezihilelekile kulemfundiso? Kuyi-Criswell Theological Review, uProfesa Pinnock uyabhala: “Ukuhlushwa kwaphakade akunakubekezelelwa uma kubhekwa ngombono wezimiso zokulunga ngenxa yokuthi kwenza uNkulunkulu abe isilwane esikhulu esisabekayo esihahela igazi esigcinela i-Auschwitz yaphakade izisulu esingazivumeli nokuba zife.” Uyabuza: “Umuntu onozwela angahlala kanjani azole ecabanga ngombono onjalo [imfundiso yesihogo yakudala]? . . . AmaKristu angacabanga kanjani ngoNkulunkulu ononya nophindisela kangaka?”

Ebonisa ithonya elibi lemfundiso okungenzeka iye yaba nalo ekuziphatheni komuntu, uPinnock uyaphawula: “Kazi yiziphi izenzo zonya eziye zenziwa yilabo abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ohlupha izitha zakhe?” Uyaphetha: “Ingabe akuyona yini imfundiso ephazamisa kunazo zonke edinga ukucatshangelwa kabusha?” Yebo, uma unya olunjalo kuthiwa lwenziwa uNkulunkulu, akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abasontayo abasheshe bazwele basihlolisisa kabusha isihogo somlilo. Futhi babonani? Enye inkinga ebhekene nomqondo wokuhlushwa phakade.

Isihogo Nobulungisa

Abaningi abacabanga ngemfundiso endala yesihogo bathola ukuthi ibonakala sengathi iveza uNkulunkulu njengowenza izinto ngokungenabulungisa, ngakho iphazamisa umuzwa wabo wemvelo wobulungisa. Ngayiphi indlela?

Uthola enye impendulo ngokuqhathanisa imfundiso yokuhlushwa phakade nendinganiso yobulungisa eyanikezwa nguNkulunkulu: “Iso ngeso, izinyo ngezinyo.” (Eksodusi 21:24) Ake sithi, kulemfundiso  yesihogo somlilo usebenzisa lowomthetho waphezulu owanikezwa ku-Israyeli wasendulo, umthetho wokuphindisela ngokulingana ncimishí. Ngokunokwenzeka ungafinyelela kusiphi isiphetho? Isiphetho sokuthi yilezozoni kuphela eziye zabangela ukuhlushwa kwaphakade ezifanelwe ukuhlushwa kwaphakade okulinganayo—ukuhlushwa kwaphakade ngokuhlushwa kwaphakade. Kodwa njengoba abantu (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babi kangakanani) bengase babangele uhlupho oluphelayo kuphela, ukubanikeza isigwebo sokuhlushwa kwaphakade kudala ukungalingani phakathi kwamacala abo kanye nesigwebo esingapheli sesihogo somlilo.

Kalula nje, isigwebo besiyoba esinzima kakhulu. Besiyodlulela ngalé komthetho ‘weso ngeso, izinyo ngezinyo.’ Lapho ucabangela ukuthi izimfundiso zikaJesu zenza umbono wokuphindisela waba olinganiselayo, ungase uvume ukuthi amaKristu eqiniso abeyocindezeleka uma ebona ubulungisa ekuhlushweni kwaphakade.—Mathewu 5:38, 39; Roma 12:17.

Ukuthethelela Lemfundiso

Nakuba kunjalo, amakholwa amaningi alokhu ezama ukuthethelela lemfundiso. Kanjani? Umlobi waseBrithani uClive S. Lewis ukhulumela abantu abaningi abalwela lemfundiso encwadini yakhe ethi The Problem of Pain: “Ayikho imfundiso ebengingayisusa ngokuzimisela okukhulu ebuKristwini kunalena, ukuba bekusemandleni ami. Kodwa isekelwa umBhalo ngokuphelele futhi, ikakhulukazi, isekelwa amazwi eNkosi Yethu ngokwayo.” Ngakho, abantu abayisekelayo bayavuma ukuthi ukuhlushwa phakade kuyesabeka, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, bakholelwa ukuthi lemfundiso inesibopho esithile ngoba banomuzwa wokuthi iBhayibheli liyayifundisa. Isazi senkolo uPinnock saphawula kanje: “Ngokuvuma ububi bayo, banethemba lokunikeza ubufakazi bokwethembeka kwabo okungaguquki eBhayibhelini kanye nobuqhawe obuthile ekukholelweni kwabo iqiniso elisabeka kangako ngenxa nje yokuthi umbhalo uyalifundisa. Benza kuzwakale sengathi ukungabi naphutha kweBhayibheli bekusengozini. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela?”

Nawe futhi ungazibuza ukuthi ukuthembeka eBhayibhelini kukushiya ungenakwenza ngenye indlela yini ngaphandle kokuba uyamukele lemfundiso. IBhayibheli lithini ngempela?

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 5]

IMIQONDO EMITHTHU EFANAYO

I-Westminster Confession of Faith, eyamukelwa amaProthestani amaningi, ithi labo abangayi ezulwini “bayophonswa ekuhlushweni kwaphakade, futhi bajeziswe ngokubhujiswa kwaphakade.” “EbuKristwini bamaRoma Katolika,” kuchaza i-Encyclopedia of Religion, “isihogo sibonakala siyisimo sokujeziswa okungapheli . . . okuboniswa . . . ukuhlushwa ngomlilo kanye nokunye.” Le-encyclopedia yenezela ukuthi “ubuKristu bobu-Orthodox baseMpumalanga” buhlanganyela “imfundiso yokuthi isihogo siwumlilo waphakade kanye nokujeziswa okulindele abaqalekisiwe.”—Umqulu 6, amakhasi 238-9.