UZiqu-zintathu—Ingabe Uyafundiswa EBhayibhelini?

“INkolelo yamaKatolika iwukuthi, sikhulekela uNkulunkulu oyedwa kuZiqu-zintathu noZiqu-zintathu oseBunyeni. . . . Ngakho uYise unguNkulunkulu, iNdodana inguNkulunkulu, noMoya ONgcwele unguNkulunkulu. Futhi ababona oNkulunkulu abathathu, kodwa uNkulunkulu oYedwa.”

NGALAMAZWI iSivumo Sokholo sika-Athanasius sichaza imfundiso eyisisekelo yeLobukholwa—uZiqu-zintathu. * Uma uyilungu lesonto, lamaKatolika noma lamaProtestani, kungenzeka watshelwa ukuthi lena imfundiso ebaluleke kakhulu okumelwe uyikholelwe. Kodwa ungayichaza yini lemfundiso? Abanye abantu abahlakaniphe kakhulu kweLobukholwa bakuvumile ukwehluleka kwabo ukuqonda uZiqu-zintathu.

Khona-ke, kungani labantu beyikholelwa? Ingabe kungenxa yokuthi iBhayibheli liyayifundisa lemfundiso? Umbhishobhi ongasekho waseSheshi uJohn Robinson wanikeza impendulo eshukumisa ingqondo kulombuzo encwadini yakhe ethengwa kakhulu ethi Honest to God. Wabhala:

“Ngokuvamile ukushumayela nokufundisa okuthandwayo kunikeza umbono oweqisayo ngoKristu ongenakusekelwa eTestementeni Elisha. Kumane kuthi uJesu wayenguNkulunkulu, njengokungathi igama elithi ‘Kristu’ nelithi ‘Nkulunkulu’ angashintshaniswa. Kodwa akukho lapho lokhu kunjalo khona ekusetshenzisweni kwawo eBhayibhelini. ITestamente Elisha lithi uJesu wayenguLizwi kaNkulunkulu, lithi uNkulunkulu wayekuKristu, lithi uJesu uyiNdodana kaNkulunkulu; kodwa alisho ukuthi uJesu wayenguNkulunkulu, kalula nje kanjalo.”

UJohn Robinson wayengummeleli wezinkulumo-mpikiswano eSontweni LaseSheshi. Nokho, ingabe wayeqinisile uma ethi akukho lapho “iTestamente Elisha” lithi khona “uJesu wayenguNkulunkulu, kalula nje kanjalo”?

 Lokho IBhayibheli Elikushoyo

Abanye bangaphendula lowombuzo ngokucaphuna ivesi eliqalisa iVangeli likaJohane: “Ekuqaleni wayekhona uLizwi, uLizwi wayekuNkulunkulu, uLizwi wayenguNkulunkulu.” (Johane 1:1) Ingabe lokho akuphikisani nalokho okwashiwo umbhishobhi waseSheshi? Lutho neze. Njengoba ngokungangabazeki uJohn Robinson wayazi, abanye abahumushi bamuva abavumelani nendlela ye-King James Version yokuhumusha lowombhalo. Ngani? Ngoba emazwini athi “uLizwi wayenguNkulunkulu” esiGrekini sakuqala, igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi “Nkulunkulu” alinawo umunci ocacile u-“the.” Emazwini angaphambili athi “uLizwi wayekuNkulunkulu,” igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi “Nkulunkulu” lilinganiselwe, okungukuthi, linomunci ocacile. Lokhu kukwenza kungenzeki ukuba lamagama amabili abe nencazelo efanayo.

Ngakho, ezinye izinguqulo ziveza isici esiyimfanelo ezinguqulweni zazo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye zihumusha lamazwi ngokuthi “uLizwi wayengowaphezulu.” (An American Translation, Schonfield) UMoffatt uwahumusha ngokuthi “uLogos wayengowaphezulu.” Nokho, bebonisa ukuthi elithi “ngowaphezulu” ngeke libe ukuhumusha okufaneleka kahle lapha, uJohn Robinson nesazi semibhalo saseBrithani uSir Frederick Kenyon baveza ukuthi uma kuyilokho uJohane ayefuna ukukugcizelela, wayeyosebenzisa igama lesiGreki elithi theiʹos elisho “ukuba ngowaphezulu.” I-New World Translation, ibheka ngokufanele igama elithi “Nkulunkulu” njengelingalinganiselwe kothile kuphela, kanye nangokuveza isici esiyimfanelo esiboniswa indlela yokuhlelwa kwesiGreki, isebenzisa umunci wesiNgisi ongacacile ithi: “ULizwi wayengunkulunkulu.”

UProfesa C. H. Dodd, umqondisi womsebenzi we-New English Bible, ukhulumela lendlela ngokuthi: “Ukuhumusha okungenzeka kube okufanelekile . . . kungaba okuthi, ‘ULizwi wayengunkulunkulu’. Njengoba iwukuhunyushwa kwezwi nezwi ayinakuba nephutha.” Nokho, i-New English Bible ayilihumushi ngaleyondlela lelivesi. Kunalokho, uJohane 1:1 ufundeka kanje kuleyonguqulo: “Ekuqaleni kwezinto zonke, uLizwi wayesekhona kakade. ULizwi wahlala noNkulunkulu, futhi lokho uNkulunkulu ayeyikho, uLizwi wayeyikho.” Kungani ikomiti yokuhumusha ingakhethanga indlela elula ngokwengeziwe yokuhumusha? UProfesa Dodd uyaphendula: “Isizathu esenza ukuba kungamukeleki ukuthi kuphikisana nomqondo kaJohane owaziwayo, futhi empeleni nanomqondo wawo wonke amaKristu.”—Technical Papers for the Bible Translator, Umqulu 28, January 1977.

Incazelo Ecacile EngokomBhalo

Ingabe besingasho ukuthi umqondo wokuthi uJesu wayengunkulunkulu futhi engafani noNkulunkulu uMdali uphambene nomqondo kaJohane (okungukuthi, umphostoli uJohane), kanye nomqondo wawo wonke amaKristu? Ake sihlole eminye imibhalo yeBhayibheli ebhekisela kuJesu nakuNkulunkulu, futhi sizobona lokho abanye abakhulumeli abaphila ngaphambi kokumiswa kweSivumo Sokholo sika-Athanasius ababekucabanga ngaleyomibhalo.

“Mina noBaba simunye.”—JOHANE 10:30.

UNovatian (c. 200-258 C.E.) wathi: “Njengoba Yena athi into ‘eyodwa,’[ *] izihlubuki mazizwisise  ukuthi akashongo ukuthi umuntu ‘oyedwa.’ Ngoba igama elithi eyodwa elingenabo ubulili, lichaza ukuvumelana okuhlanganyelwayo, hhayi ubunye bomuntu siqu. . . . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi eyodwa, kubhekisela ekuvumelaneni, nasemfanelweni yokwahlulela, nasebuhlotsheni bothando ngokwabo, njengoba ngokunengqondo uBaba neNdodana bamunye ekuvumelaneni, othandweni, nasothandweni lomzwelo.”—Treatise Concerning the Trinity, isahluko 27.

“UBaba mkhulu kunami.”—JOHANE 14:28.

U-Irenaeus (c. 130-200 C.E.): “Singafunda kuYe [uKristu] ukuthi uBaba ungaphezu kwezinto zonke. Ngoba ‘uBaba,’ kusho uKristu, ‘mkhulu kunami.’ Ngakho-ke, uBaba uye wamenyezelwa yiNkosi yethu njengophakeme kakhulu ngolwazi.”—Against Heresies, iNcwadi II, isahluko 28.8.

“Ukuphila okuphakade yilokhu ukuba bazi wena-Nkulunkulu wedwa oqinisileyo, nomthumileyo, uJesu Kristu.”—JOHANE 17:3.

UClement wase-Alexandria (c. 150-215 C.E.): “Ukwazi uNkulunkulu ongunaphakade, umuphi walokho okungunaphakade, nokuba noNkulunkulu ngolwazi nokuqonda, ongowokuqala, nophakeme kakhulu, yena yedwa, futhi omuhle. . . . Khona-ke uMuntu oyophila ukuphila kweqiniso uyalwa ukuba amazi Yena kuqala ‘okungekho omaziyo, ngaphandle kokuba iNdodana imambule (Yena).’ (Math. 11:27) Okumelwe kufundwe ngokulandelayo ubukhulu boMsindisi ongemva kwaKhe.”—Who Is the Rich Man That Shall Be Saved? VII, VIII.

“Munye uNkulunkulu, uYise wabo bonke, ophezu kwabo bonke, okubo bonke, ophakathi kwabo bonke.”—EFESU 4:6.

U-Irenaeus: “Khona-ke kumenyezelwa uNkulunkulu oyedwa onguBaba, ongaphezu kwabo bonke, okubo bonke, ophakathi kwabo bonke. Ngempela uBaba ungaphezu kwabo bonke, futhi uyiNhloko kaKristu.”—Against Heresies, iNcwadi V, isahluko 18.2.

Labababhali bakuqala bawazwisisa ngokucacile lamavesi njengachaza uBaba njengophakeme, ngaphezu kwakho konke naphezu kwabo bonke kuhlanganise noJesu Kristu. Ukukhulumela kwabo akunikezi kusikisela kokuthi babekholelwa kuZiqu-zintathu.

Umoya Ongcwele Wembula Wonke Amaqiniso

UJesu wathembisa abafundi bakhe ukuthi ngemva kokufa nokuvuswa kwakhe, babeyonikezwa umoya ongcwele njengomsizi. Wathembisa: “Nxa esefikile yena, uMoya weqiniso, uzakuniholela kulo lonke iqiniso; . . . anibikele okuzayo.”—Johane 14:16, 17; 15:26; 16:13.

Ngemva kokufa kukaJesu, lesosithembiso sagcwaliseka. IBhayibheli lilandisa indlela izimfundiso ezintsha ezembulwa noma zakhanyiswa ngayo ebandleni lobuKristu ngosizo lomoya ongcwele. Lezizimfundiso ezintsha zabhalwa ezincwadini lezo kamuva ezaba yingxenye yesibili yeBhayibheli, imiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki, noma “iTestamente Elisha.” Kulokhu kukhanyiselwa okuningi okusha, ingabe sikhona noma yisiphi isambulo sokuba khona kukaZiqu-zintathu? Cha. Umoya ongcwele wembula okuthile okwehluke kakhulu ngoNkulunkulu noJesu.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngePentekoste lika-33 C.E., ngemva kokuba umoya ongcwele wehlele phezu kwabafundi ababehlangene eJerusalema, umphostoli uPetru wafakaza ngoJesu esixukwini esasingaphandle. Ingabe wakhuluma ngoZiqu-zintathu? Cabangela amanye amazwi akhe, futhi uzinqumele ngokwakho: “UJesu . . . , indoda efakazelwe nguNkulunkulu phambi kwenu ngemisebenzi yamandla nangezimangaliso nangezibonakaliso  uNkulunkulu azenza ngaye phakathi kwenu.” “UJesu lo uNkulunkulu wamvusa, esingofakazi bakho thina sonke.” “UNkulunkulu umenzile iNkosi noKristu uJesu lo enambethela nina.” (IzEnzo 2:22, 32, 36) Kunokufundisa uZiqu-zintathu, lamazwi kaPetru owayegcwele umoya aqokomisa ukuthobela kukaJesu uYise, ukuthi uyithuluzi lokufeza intando kaNkulunkulu.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, omunye umKristu othembekile wakhuluma ngoJesu. UStefanu walethwa phambi kweSanhedrin ukuze aziphendulele emacaleni ayebekwe wona. Kunalokho, uStefanu waguqula isimo wasola labo ababembeke amacala, ebasola ngokuthi babefana nawokhokho babo abahlubukayo. Ekugcineni, ukulandisa kuthi: “Yena egcwele uMoya oNgcwele wagqolozela ezulwini, wabona inkazimulo kaNkulunkulu, noJesu emi ngakwesokunene sikaNkulunkulu, wathi: Bheka, ngibona izulu livuliwe, neNdodana yomuntu imi ngakwesokunene sikaNkulunkulu.” (IzEnzo 7:55, 56) Kungani umoya ongcwele umane wembula uJesu ‘njengeNdodana yomuntu’ emi ngakwesokunene sikaNkulunkulu futhi engeyona ingxenye yekhanda likaNkulunkulu elingana noYise? Ngokusobala, uStefanu wayengenawo umqondo kaZiqu-zintathu.

Lapho uPetru eyisa izindaba ezinhle eziphathelene noJesu kuKorneliyu, kwakunethuba elengeziwe lokwembula imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu. Kwenzekani? UPetru wachaza ukuthi uJesu “uyiNkosi yabo bonke.” Kodwa waqhubeka echaza ukuthi lobubukhosi bavela emthonjeni ophakeme. UJesu ‘Nguye owayemiswé nguNkulunkulu ukuba abe-nguMahluleli wabaphilayo nabafileyo.’ Ngemva kokuvuswa kukaJesu, uYise “wamnika [imvume] ukuba abonakale” kubalandeli bakhe. Futhi kuthiwani ngomoya ongcwele? Uyavela kulengxoxo kodwa hhayi njengomuntu wesithathu kaZiqu-zintathu. Kunalokho, “uNkulunkulu wamgcoba uJesu . . . ngoMoya oNgcwele nangamandla.” Nokho, kunokuba ube umuntu, umoya ongcwele uboniswa ungokuthile okungenabuqu, ‘njengamandla’ akhulunyelwe kulelovesi. (IzEnzo 10:36, 38, 40, 42) Hlola iBhayibheli ngokunakekela, futhi uyothola ubufakazi obengeziwe bokuthi umoya ongcwele awuyena umuntu kodwa amandla ayisiphekupheku angagcwaliswa kubantu, abashukumise, abenze bavuthe emoyeni, futhi athululelwe phezu kwabo.

Ekugcineni, umphostoli uPawulu wayenethuba elihle lokuchaza uZiqu-zintathu—uma ayeyimfundiso eyiqiniso—lapho eshumayela kubantu base-Athene. Enkulumweni yakhe, wabhekisela e-altareni labo “ELIKANKULUNKULU ONGAZIWAYO” futhi wathi: “Lokho-ke enikukhonza ningakwazi, yikho engikumemezela kini.” Ingabe wamemezela uZiqu-zintathu? Cha. Wachaza “uNkulunkulu owenza umhlaba nakho konke okukuwo, yena oyiNkosi yezulu nomhlaba.” Kodwa kuthiwani ngoJesu? “[UNkulunkulu] umisile usuku azakwahlulela ngalo izwe ngokulunga ngomuntu ammisele lokho.” (IzEnzo 17:23, 24, 31) Akusikiselwa lutho ngoZiqu-zintathu lapho!

Eqinisweni, uPawulu wachaza okuthile ngezinjongo zikaNkulunkulu okwenza kungenzeki ngoJesu noYise ukuba babe yizingxenye ezilinganayo zikaZiqu-zintathu. Wabhala: “[UNkulunkulu] izinto zonke uzithobisele phansi kwezinyawo zakhe [uJesu]. Kepha nxa ethi: Izinto zonke zithotshisiwe, kusobala ukuthi ungaphandle kwazo yena ozithobisele phansi kwakhe. Kodwa nxa izinto zonke sezithotshiselwe phansi kwakhe, lapho-ke nayo iNdodana iyakuzithoba phansi kwalowo owathobisa zonke izinto phansi kwayo, ukuze uNkulunkulu abe-yikho konke kukho konke.” (1 Korinte 15:27, 28) Ngakho, uNkulunkulu usayoba ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuhlanganise noJesu.

Khona-ke, ingabe uZiqu-zintathu uyafundiswa eBhayibhelini? Cha. UJohn Robinson wayeqinisile. Akekho eBhayibhelini, futhi akayona ingxenye “yomqondo wamaKristu.” Ingabe lokhu ukubheka njengokubalulekile ekukhulekeleni kwakho? Kufanele. UJesu wathi: “Ukuphila okuphakade yilokhu ukuba bazi wena-Nkulunkulu wedwa oqinisileyo, nomthumileyo, uJesu Kristu.” (Johane 17:3) Uma sikuthatha ngokungathi sína ukukhulekela kwethu uNkulunkulu, kubalulekile ukuba simazi njengoba enjalo ngempela, njengoba eye wazembula kithi. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho singasho khona ukuthi siphakathi ‘kwabakhulekeli beqiniso abakhuleka kuBaba ngomoya nangeqiniso.’—Johane 4:23.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 28]

Incazelo ecacile yemiBhalo ibonisa ngokukhanyayo ukuthi uJesu noYise abayena uNkulunkulu oyedwa

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 29]

Kungani umoya ongcwele ungazange wembule ukuthi uJesu wayenguNkulunkulu ngemva kwePentekoste lika-33 C.E.?