Ukufuna Uhulumeni Okahle

“Ukuthembela okukhulayo kwamazwe omhlaba, elinye kwelinye, kuye kwabangela uchungechunge lwezinkinga zomhlaba amazwe angasakwazi ukuzixazululela zona. Ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba wonke yiko kuphela okungasenza sikwazi ukuxazulula izingozi nezinselele ezikhulayo isintu esibhekene nazo.”—UGhulam Umar, umhlaziyi wezombusazwe wasePakistan.

IZWE lanamuhla ligcwele izinto eziphikisanayo. Nakuba kunezinto eziningi zokunethezeka, abaningi basebenza kanzima ukuze baziphilise. Nakuba lesi sizukulwane sanamuhla sama-computer sifunde kakhulu futhi sinolwazi ngokungenakuqhathaniswa, kodwa bayanda abantu abanobunzima bokuthola umsebenzi ozinzile. Nakuba abantu bebonakala benenkululeko enkulu kunanini ngaphambili, izigidi ziphila ngokwesaba nokungalondeki. Kungenzeka sizungezwe amathuba akhangayo, kodwa ukonakala nokungabi namthetho okukuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi kwenze abaningi baphelelwa ithemba.

Izinkinga ezibhekene nesintu seziziningi kangangokuthi akukho sizwe, noma ngisho iqembu lezizwe, elingazixazulula. Ngakho, izingqapheli eziningi ziye zaphetha ngokuthi ukuze ukuthula nokulondeka komhlaba wonke kube ngokoqobo, zonke izizwe kumelwe zibuswe uhulumeni owodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Albert Einstein wawukhuthaza kudala lo mbono. Ngo-1946, wathi: “Ngikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi iningi lezizwe emhlabeni lingathanda ukuphila ngokuthula nokulondeka . . . Isifiso sesintu sokuthula singafezwa kuphela ngokumisa uhulumeni ozobusa umhlaba wonke.”

Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, kodwa lesi sidingo esibalulekile asikaneliswa. Sibala izinkinga zekhulu lama-21, isihloko sephephandaba i-Monde, laseParis, eFrance, saphawula: “Kumelwe kwakhiwe uhulumeni wamazwe onke onezisekelo eziqinile zokugcinwa komthetho, ukulawula nomthetho-sisekelo oyokwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha, kuwo wonke umhlaba, uma kuqothulwa uhlanga. Kubalulekile nokwamukela umbono wokuthi kusukela manje uMhlaba uyizwe elilodwa.” Ubani, noma, yini enamandla nekhono lokukwenza lokho ukuze kuqinisekwe ngokuthi isintu siba nekusasa elinokuthula?

Ingabe IZizwe Ezihlangene Ziyimpendulo?

Abaningi babeke ithemba labo lokuthula komhlaba enhlanganweni yeZizwe Ezihlangene [United Nations]. Ingabe i-UN iwuhulumeni oyoletha ukuthula kweqiniso nokulondeka emhlabeni? Akungabazeki ukuthi ziningi izinkulumo zezombusazwe ezizwakala zikhanga futhi zithembisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ‘kuyiMillennium Declaration’ yawo ka-2000 uMkhandlu-jikelele WeZizwe Ezihlangene wenza lesi sinqumo:  “Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezweni ngalinye noma kuphakathi kwamazwe ahlukene, siyokwenza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuze sikhulule abantu bakithi ekuhlushweni yimpi, eye yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.” Izimemezelo ezinjalo ziye zalethela i-UN udumo nokunconywa okuvela kubantu abaningi, kanye noMklomelo KaNobel Wokuthula wango-2001. Idumisa i-UN, i-Norwegian Nobel Committee yathi “iZizwe Ezihlangene ziwukuphela kwendlela ephumelelayo yokuletha ukuthula nokubambisana emhlabeni wonke.”

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ingabe inhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, eyasungulwa ngo-1945, iye yazibonakalisa inguhulumeni okwaziyo ukuletha ukuthula kwangempela nokuhlala njalo emhlabeni wonke? Cha, ngenxa yokuthi ubugovu nezifiso zokuvelela zamazwe angamalungu ayo kuye kwabhuntshisa eminingi yemizamo yayo. Ngokomunye umhleli wephephandaba, umbono wabantu uwukuthi umsebenzi we-UN umane nje “uwukuveza imibono yabantu emhlabeni” nokuthi “uhlelo lwayo lomsebenzi lugcwele izinkinga okuye kwaphikiswana ngazo iminyaka eminingi kodwa inqubekela phambili ayibonakali.” Umbuzo usasele: Ingabe kuyokwenzeka ukuthi izizwe zomhlaba zibe nobunye bangempela?

IBhayibheli lembula ukuthi ubunye obunjalo buzofinyelelwa ngokushesha. Kuzokwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Futhi yimuphi uhulumeni ozokwenza? Ukuze uthole izimpendulo, sicela ufunde isihloko esilandelayo.

[Isithombe ekhasini 3]

U-Einstein wakhuthaza umbono wokuthi kudingeka uhulumeni oyobusa umhlaba wonke

[Umthombo]

Einstein: U.S. National Archives photo